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Thermodynamic wetness loss calculation in nozzle and turbine cascade: nucleating steam flow

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Abstract

Rapid expansion of steam in turbines and nozzles cause condensation. The formation of liquid droplets due to condensation results in wetness losses, which include aerodynamic losses (due to friction between liquid droplets and the vapour), thermodynamic losses (due to irreversible latent heat addition), and braking losses (due to the impact of liquid droplets on the turbine blade). In this study, a numerical investigation of the thermodynamic loss in a nucleating steam flow is performed. The thermodynamic loss is calculated using the change in entropy due to condensation. The effect of different operating conditions on the thermodynamic loss is estimated for a nozzle and turbine cascade in a nucleating flow. The non-equilibrium condensation in high-speed steam flows is modelled using Eulerian-Eulerian approach.

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Abbreviations

Cp :

Isobaric specific heat (J/kg K)

E:

Total energy per mass (J/kg)

h:

Specific enthalpy (J/kg)

I:

Nucleation rate of steam (No. of droplets/m3s)

N:

Number of droplets per volume (No. of droplets/m3)

P:

Pressure (Pa)

q:

Heat flux (W/m2)

Qdis :

Rate of heat dissipation (W)

R:

Characteristic gas constant (461.5 J/kg K)

r ∗ :

Kelvin-Helmholtz critical radius (m)

\( \overline{r} \) :

Average radius (m)

T:

Temperature (K)

u:

Velocity component (m/s)

V:

Resultant velocity vector (m/s)

x:

Spatial variable (m)

α:

Liquid mass fraction

γ:

Ratio of specific heats

ΔS:

Change in specific entropy (J/kgK)

:

Volume of a control volume (m3)

ζ:

Enthalpy loss coefficient

λ:

Heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K)

ρ:

Density (kg/m3)

σ:

Liquid surface tension (N/m)

τ:

Shear stress tensor (N/m2)

0:

Total properties

1:

State at inlet

2:

State at outlet

f:

Liquid

g:

Gas

i:

x-direction component

j:

y-direction component

p:

Droplet

sc:

Sub-cooled

sat:

Saturation

sh:

Superheat

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India

    Joby Joseph, Sathyanarayanan Subramanian & B. V. S. S. S. Prasad

  2. Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

    K. Vigney

  3. Toshiba Corporate R&D Centre, Kawasaki, Japan

    D. Biswas

Authors
  1. Joby Joseph
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  2. Sathyanarayanan Subramanian
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  3. K. Vigney
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  4. B. V. S. S. S. Prasad
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  5. D. Biswas
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to B. V. S. S. S. Prasad.

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Joseph, J., Subramanian, S., Vigney, K. et al. Thermodynamic wetness loss calculation in nozzle and turbine cascade: nucleating steam flow. Heat Mass Transfer 54, 2521–2531 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-017-2171-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-017-2171-8

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