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Experimental studies on laminar flow heat transfer in nanofluids flowing through a straight circular tube with and without V-cut twisted tape insert

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Abstract

This paper presents experimental studies on the convective heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of flows in a straight circular tube with and without V-cut twisted tapeinserts using Al2O3–Cu/water hybrid nanofluid as working fluid and also comparative studies between Alumina nanofluid and (Cu-Alumina) hybrid nanofluid is conducted. This work is restricted to one type of hybrid nanofluid only. It also does not include the effect of twisted tape dimensions on heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop.Itis observed that the experimental convective heat transfer coefficient increases slightly with an increase in particle volume concentration from 0.1 and 0.4%. The experimental data is in good agreement with the previous models and correlations.The experimental results showed a good enhancement in Nusselt number for Peclet number from 2580 to 11,780 compared to Nusselt number of water, when the copper nanofluid is 0.01% volume concentration and mixed with 0.4% concentration of Alumina nanofluid.Itis also noticed that 0.01% Al2O3–Cu/water hybrid nanofluidhas a higher friction factor than the Al2O3/water nanofluid and base fluid. Since the magnitude of thermal enhancement factor (η) has been observed to be only marginally higher than unity (1.01 to 1.05), the net benefit of inserting V - cut twisted tapes in nanofluids is also nevertheless marginal.

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Abbreviations

A :

Cross sectional area, m2

Cp :

Specific heat, J/kg K

D:

Test section diameter, m

de :

Depth of v cut, mm

f:

Friction factor

f0 :

Friction factor for water in plain tube

h:

Convective heat transfer coefficient, W/m2 K

I:

Heater input current, Amps

k:

Thermal conductivity, W/m K

L :

Test section length, m

m:

Mass flow rate, kg/s

Nu:

Nusselt number, hD/k

P:

Cross-sectional perimeter, m

Pe:

Peclet number, ρCpUD /k

Pr:

Prandtl number, µcp/k

P-TT:

Plain twisted tape

Q:

Average value of the heat transfer rate, W

q:

Heat flux, W/m2

Q1 :

Heat generated by the electrical winding, W

Q2 :

Heat absorbed by the fluid, W

Re:

Reynolds number, ρUD/µ

S :

Surface area, m2

T :

Temperature, oC

U:

Fluid velocity, m/s

V:

Heater input voltage, Volts

V-TT:

V cut twisted tape

W:

Twisted tape width, mm

w:

Width of v cut, mm

x:

Axial distance from the tube entrance, m

y:

Twist ratio (length of one twist/diameter of the twist)

∆h:

Difference in level of manometric fluid

∆p:

Pressure drop, Pa

η:

Thermal performance factor

Φ :

Volume concentration, %

ρ :

Density, kg/m3

μ :

Dynamic viscosity, kg/m.s

f:

fluid

in:

inlet

nf:

nanofluid

out:

outlet

p:

plain tube

t:

test section

w:

tube wall

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering, Nagercoil, Anna University Constituent College, Nagercoil, 629 004, India

    U. Arunachalam & M. Edwin

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  1. U. Arunachalam
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  2. M. Edwin
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Correspondence to M. Edwin.

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Arunachalam, U., Edwin, M. Experimental studies on laminar flow heat transfer in nanofluids flowing through a straight circular tube with and without V-cut twisted tape insert. Heat Mass Transfer 54, 673–683 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-017-2162-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-017-2162-9

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