Flood tide transport of blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, postlarvae: behavioral responses to salinity and turbulence

Abstract.

Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) postlarvae (megalopae) use flood tide transport to move upstream in estuaries during nocturnal flood tides. The megalopae have a endogenous diel rhythm in activity that is inconsistent with this tidally timed behavior. Thus, it is hypothesized that this behavior is regulated by behavioral changes in response to exogenous cues associated with tidal currents. In a laboratory flow tank, blue crab megalopae were exposed to simultaneous changes in salinity and turbulence to simulate tides in an estuary. On simulated flood tides, megalopae ascended upon exposure to a salinity increase, remained swimming during times of high turbulence, and descended at times of low turbulence. Turbulence stimulated swimming for several hours, approximating the duration of tidal currents in estuaries. Swimming was inhibited by decreasing salinity on simulated ebb tides. These results support a model for regulation of flood tide transport by blue crab megalopae as follows: (1) blue crab megalopae are stimulated to swim into the water column by increasing salinity associated with flood tide; (2) megalopae remain swimming during flood tide in response to high levels of turbulence; (3) megalopae descend at the end of flood tide, when current speed and turbulence decline to low levels; and (4) megalopae are inhibited from swimming on ebb tides by the associated salinity decrease. This is the first model for regulation of flood tide transport in a species lacking a tidal rhythm in activity.