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Effects of in situ CO2 enrichment on Posidonia oceanica epiphytic community composition and mineralogy

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Abstract

Alterations in seagrass epiphytic communities are expected under future ocean acidification conditions, yet this hypothesis has been little tested in situ. A Free Ocean Carbon Dioxide Enrichment system was used to lower pH by a ~0.3 unit offset within a partially enclosed portion (1.7 m3) of a Posidonia oceanica meadow (11 m depth) between June 21 and November 3, 2014. Leaf epiphytic community composition (% cover) and bulk epiphytic mineralogy were compared every 4 weeks within three treatments, located in the same meadow: a pH-manipulated (experimental enclosure) and a control enclosure, as well as a nearby ambient area. Percent coverage of invertebrate calcifiers and crustose coralline algae (CCA) did not appear to be affected by the lowered pH. Furthermore, fleshy algae did not proliferate at lowered pH. Only Foraminifera, which covered less than 3% of leaf surfaces, declined in manner consistent with ocean acidification predictions. Bulk epiphytic magnesium carbonate composition was similar between treatments and percentage of magnesium appeared to increase from summer to autumn. CCA did not exhibit any visible skeleton dissolution or mineral alteration at lowered pH and carbonate saturation state. Negative impacts from ocean acidification on P. oceanica epiphytic communities were smaller than expected. Epiphytic calcifiers were possibly protected from the pH treatment due to host plant photosynthesis inside the enclosure where water flow is slowed. The more positive outcome than expected suggests that calcareous members of epiphytic communities may find refuge in some conditions and be resilient to environmentally relevant changes in carbonate chemistry.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge the following people who assisted in the laboratory, in the field, or with engineering: E. Beck Acain, J. Acain, J. Delille, L. van der Heijden, M. Maillot, F. Moullec, S. Schenone, L. Urbini, K. Walzyńska. We are grateful to A. Elineau for help with the ZooScan. We also thank J.-J. Pangrazi, R. Patrix and E. Tanguy for aide in construction of the enclosures. G. de Liege, D. Luquet and D. Robin kindly assisted in diving collection activities. This work was funded by the ‘European Free Ocean Carbon Enrichment’ (eFOCE; BNP-Paribas Foundation), the ‘European Project on Ocean Acidification’ (EPOCA; Grant Agreement 211384) and the MISTRALS-MERMEX (INSU, CNRS) program.

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  1. T. E. Cox

    Present address: Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Boulevard, Dauphin Island, Alabama, 36528, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, 181 chemin du Lazaret, 06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France

    T. E. Cox, F. Gazeau, S. Alliouane, P. Mahacek, A. Le Fur & J.-P. Gattuso

  2. Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 0200, Australia

    M. Nash

  3. Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA

    M. Nash

  4. UMR 7144, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29688, Roscoff Cedex, France

    M. Déniel, E. Legrand & S. Martin

  5. Laboratoire Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, Place Georges Teissier, 29688, Roscoff Cedex, France

    M. Déniel, E. Legrand & S. Martin

  6. Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, 27 rue Saint Guillaume, 75007, Paris, France

    J.-P. Gattuso

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Correspondence to T. E. Cox.

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Cox, T.E., Nash, M., Gazeau, F. et al. Effects of in situ CO2 enrichment on Posidonia oceanica epiphytic community composition and mineralogy. Mar Biol 164, 103 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-017-3136-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-017-3136-7

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