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Intra-annual variation in the foraging ecology of the endangered endemic Barau’s Petrel (Pterodroma baraui) from Réunion Island, south-western Indian Ocean: insights from a multifaceted approach

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Abstract

Population modelling for one of Réunion Island’s endemic seabirds, the Barau’s Petrel (Pterodroma baraui), has highlighted its vulnerability to extinction. Conservation action demands information on its biology during different stages of its life cycle. Whilst most aspects of the species’ terrestrial ecology have been studied, at-sea information is scarce and frequently contradictory. In this context, we combine three complementary techniques to provide new information on the trophic ecology of the Barau’s Petrel and to augment recent telemetry data. Colonies were visited periodically through a single breeding season and samples gathered from adults, downy chicks, and fledglings, permitting intra-annual comparisons within and among ontogenetic stages. Stomach contents consisted mostly of accumulated cephalopod beaks, whereas structures from other molluscs, fishes, and arthropods were rare. Variations in carbon stable isotopes matched the patterns of adult foraging behaviour, as described using telemetry, and wide variation in nitrogen isotope values indicated dietary opportunism. Finally, the total fatty acid composition of blood differed greatly among adults, further suggesting opportunistic feeding; however, consistently low incidences of long-chain monounsaturated and n-3 fatty acids indicated little importance of fish. These results offer additional insight into the Barau’s Petrels’ trophic ecology are in concordance with recent telemetry data and will assist in preliminary assessment of the threats to the species whilst foraging. We also illustrate the value of an integrated approach to diet determination for endangered species, where hyper-ethical approaches need to be considered, and when isotope and fatty acid baseline data are not available and are not logistically attainable.

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Acknowledgments

The first author would like to personally thank Pierre Laporte, Clémence Hollinger, and Olivier Tressens for their extreme patience and help with sampling and Dr. Eleonora Puccinelli for her assistance with the fatty acid extraction and analysis. We also recognise and are thankful to our editor and anonymous reviewer for comments on previous versions of the manuscript and for the support of La Société d’Etudes Ornithologiques de La Réunion, Parc National de La Réunion, and InnoVenton—The Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Institute of Chemical Technology, South Africa. This publication is based upon research supported by the French Embassy in South Africa, and the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and the National Research Foundation. All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutions and practices through which it was conducted (Reference Number ZOOL-01-2013).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa

    D. K. Danckwerts & C. D. McQuaid

  2. UMR ENTROPIE (Université de La Réunion, IRD, CNRS), 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744, St Denis Cedex 9, Ile De La Réunion, France

    D. K. Danckwerts, M. Le Corre, C. C. Juhasz, S. Orlowski & S. Jaquemet

  3. Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa

    M. Connan & M. J. Smale

  4. Port Elizabeth Museum, P.O. Box 13147, Humewood, 6013, South Africa

    M. J. Smale

  5. UMR C533 PVBMT (Université de La Réunion, IRD, CNRS), 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744, St Denis Cedex 9, Ile De La Réunion, France

    L. Humeau

  6. IsoEnvironmental cc, Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa

    S. Kaehler

  7. La Société d’Etudes Ornithologiques de La Réunion (SEOR), 13 ruelle des Orchidées, Cambuston, 97440, Saint André, Ile De La Réunion, France

    J. Tourmetz

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  1. D. K. Danckwerts
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  2. C. D. McQuaid
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  3. M. Connan
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  8. C. C. Juhasz
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  9. S. Orlowski
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  10. J. Tourmetz
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  11. S. Jaquemet
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Correspondence to D. K. Danckwerts.

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Responsible Editor: V. Paiva.

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Supplementary material, containing detailed descriptions of the molecular sexing, stomach content, and FASA methodological approaches as well as the complete TFA compositions of whole blood, is available as an electronic supplement to this article. (PDF 408 kb)

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Danckwerts, D.K., McQuaid, C.D., Connan, M. et al. Intra-annual variation in the foraging ecology of the endangered endemic Barau’s Petrel (Pterodroma baraui) from Réunion Island, south-western Indian Ocean: insights from a multifaceted approach. Mar Biol 163, 18 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-015-2810-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-015-2810-x

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