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Multi-marker estimate of genetic connectivity of sole (Solea solea) in the North-East Atlantic Ocean

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Abstract

A thorough knowledge on the genetic connectivity of marine populations is important for fisheries management and conservation. Using a dense population sampling design and two types of neutral molecular markers (10 nuclear microsatellite loci and a mtDNA cytochrome b fragment), we inferred the genetic connectivity among the main known spawning grounds of sole (Solea solea L.) in the North-East Atlantic Ocean. The results revealed a clear genetic structure for sole in the North-East Atlantic Ocean with at least three different populations, namely the Kattegat/Skagerrak region, the North Sea and the Bay of Biscay, and with indications for a fourth population, namely the Irish/Celtic Sea. The lack of genetically meaningful differences between biological populations within the southern North Sea is likely due to a large effective population size and sufficient connection (gene flow) between populations. Nevertheless, an isolation-by-distance pattern was found based on microsatellite genotyping, while no such pattern was observed with the cytochrome b marker, indicating an historical pattern prevailing in the latter marker. Our results demonstrate the importance of a combined multi-marker approach to understand the connectivity among marine populations at region scales.

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Acknowledgments

This study was part of the WESTBANKS project funded by the Belgian Science Policy (BELSPO; contract no. SD/BN/01A). We thank all scientists and fishermen who contributed to the collection of samples: E. Nielsen and colleagues (DTU-AQUA), M.L. Bégout and K. Mahé (Ifremer), L. Bolle (IMARES), H. van der Veer (NIOZ); U. Damm and N. Rohlf (ISH-BFAFI), ILVO-Fisheries, the crew of RV Zeeleeuw and RV Belgica, E. Diopere, K. Vancampenhout, S. Geldof and J. Guelinckx (K.U.Leuven). We also thank the Editor and two anonymous referees for their useful corrections and comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. E.C. acknowledged a grant of the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen). M.H.D.L. and G.E.M. are postdoctoral researchers funded by the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO Vlaanderen).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    E. L. Cuveliers, M. H. D. Larmuseau, B. Hellemans, S. L. N. A. Verherstraeten, F. A. M. Volckaert & G. E. Maes

  2. Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    M. H. D. Larmuseau

  3. Department of Forensic Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Genetics and Molecular Archaeology, UZ Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    M. H. D. Larmuseau

  4. Laboratory of Animal Diversity and Systematics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    M. H. D. Larmuseau

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  1. E. L. Cuveliers
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  2. M. H. D. Larmuseau
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  3. B. Hellemans
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  4. S. L. N. A. Verherstraeten
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  5. F. A. M. Volckaert
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  6. G. E. Maes
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Correspondence to M. H. D. Larmuseau.

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Communicated by T. Reusch.

E. L. Cuveliers, M. H. D. Larmuseau contributed equally to this study.

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Cuveliers, E.L., Larmuseau, M.H.D., Hellemans, B. et al. Multi-marker estimate of genetic connectivity of sole (Solea solea) in the North-East Atlantic Ocean. Mar Biol 159, 1239–1253 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-012-1905-x

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