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Incipient speciation within a subgenus of rockfish (Sebastosomus) provides evidence of recent radiations within an ancient species flock

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Abstract

The high frequency of speciation events associated with species flocks (i.e., radiations of closely related species) provides invaluable insight into the speciation process. Investigations of the speciation process in the marine environment are rare, and therefore, the genetic analysis of the rockfish genus Sebastes, considered an ancient marine species flock, provides an opportunity to investigate this process in the sea. Using both mitochondrial and nuclear markers, we analyzed five closely related species within the rockfish subgenus Sebastosomus. Our goal was to understand the evolutionary history and genetic relationships among species within this group and to provide evidence of recent speciation events within the subgenus. In the genetic analysis of the subgenus, we found different stages of the speciation process, with greater genetic divergences among three of the five species, evidence of recent divergence between two of the five species, Sebastes entomelas and S. mystinus, and significant genetic divergence between two lineages within S. mystinus revealing a signature of incipient speciation. We also found frequency differences of the two S. mystinus lineages among sample locations and found no evidence of introgression between the lineages at the location where both coexist. Although Sebastes is an example of an ancient species flock, this study provides evidence of ongoing speciation within the genus and reveals stages of this process from incipient to distinct species.

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Acknowledgments

We could not have completed this research without assistance in both the field and the lab. For their assistance with samples we thank, K. Gordon, S. Parker, A. Chapelle, D. Bondemiller, J. Hyde, M. Ramon, R. Buckley, M. McCrea, and J. Barr. We would like to thank Vince Buonaccorsi, Mark Carr, Ralph Larson, Stephen Palumbi, and Peter Raimondi for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Anonymous reviewer’s comments greatly improved this manuscript. The project was funded by grants to M.O. Burford from the PADI Foundation, Myers Trust Grant, The ASIH Raney Fund, Friends of the Long Marine Lab Fellowship, California Environmental Quality Initiative (CEQI) Graduate Fellowship, the Marilyn C. Davis Grant, and from the Packard Foundation’s Partnership for the Interdisciplinary Study of Coastal Oceans (PISCO). This is contribution number 290 from PISCO, funded primarily by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA

    Martha O. Burford & Giacomo Bernardi

  2. Department of Natural Resources, 208 Fernow Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    Martha O. Burford

Authors
  1. Martha O. Burford
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  2. Giacomo Bernardi
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Correspondence to Martha O. Burford.

Additional information

Communicated by T. Reusch.

Appendices

Appendix A

Table 5

Table 5 Adult sample locations and summary statistics for Sebastes mystinus, S. entomelas, S. serranoides, and S. melanops
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Appendix B

Table 6

Table 6 Microsatellite summary statistics for Sebastes mystinus
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Appendix C

Table 7

Table 7 Results of the grouping analysis for Sebastes mystinus using six microsatellite loci
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Burford, M.O., Bernardi, G. Incipient speciation within a subgenus of rockfish (Sebastosomus) provides evidence of recent radiations within an ancient species flock. Mar Biol 154, 701–717 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-008-0963-6

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