Abstract
In Okinawa, Japan, we found several species of the coral genus Acropora that spawn 1.5–3 h earlier than other mass-spawning acroporids. In six early-spawning species, gamete bundles appear on the surface of the colony ("setting") about 1 h before sunset, whereas setting occurs about 1 h after sunset in the more common late mass spawners. These early spawners are divided further into two sub-groups: three species that release their gametes within 1 h after setting and three that release their gametes 1.5–2 h after setting. DNA phylogenetic analyses show that each of these groups forms an independent genetic clade. These genetic relationships suggest that different spawning times form the basis of reproductive isolation among these broadcast-spawning corals. Late spawning appears to be the ancestral state, and the shift of spawning to earlier times may have played a role in the speciation process in these sympatric species.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Mr. S. Hosaka, the chairman of the Establishment of Tropical Marine Ecological Research, for encouragement of the study, Mr. K. Iwao for technical assistance and Dr. N. Knowlton for critical reading of the manuscript and valuable suggestions. This work was supported by grants from The Japan Science Association and the Nippon Foundation to H.F. and M.O., Sumitomo Foundation, Yamada Science Foundation and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research by the MEXT, Japan, to M.H.
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Communicated by T. Ikeda, Hakodate
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Fukami, H., Omori, M., Shimoike, K. et al. Ecological and genetic aspects of reproductive isolation by different spawning times in Acropora corals. Marine Biology 142, 679–684 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-002-1001-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-002-1001-8