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The effect of axial strain on crystalline cellulose in Norway spruce

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Abstract

The effect of strain on dry, clear Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) wood was studied by tensile testing along the cell axis and by in situ X-ray diffraction measurements. The mean microfibril angle (MFA) was initially 3–12 degrees and did not decrease due to strain. Based on the positions of the reflections 200 and 004 of crystalline cellulose, cellulose chains elongated and the distance between the hydrogen bonded sheets of chains decreased due to the strain. The elongation of the unit cell parallel to the cellulose chains was twice as high in juvenile wood as in mature wood. The (X-ray) Poisson ratio ν ca for crystalline cellulose in Norway spruce was calculated from the deformation of the unit cell. The average ν ca of earlywood was 0.28 ± 0.10 in juvenile wood and 0.38 ± 0.23 in mature wood. In latewood, the average ν ca was 0.48 ± 0.10 in juvenile wood and 0.82 ± 0.11 in mature wood. The average ν ca values were not directly correlated to the crystallite dimensions or to the mean MFA in juvenile and mature earlywood and latewood. The results show that the amorphous matrix has a definite effect on the deformation of cellulose crystallites.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Dr. Sergio Funari and M.Sc. Martin Dommach of HASYLAB for their assistance during the measurements at beamline A2. The authors are thankful to Mr. Tapio Järvinen of the Finnish Forest Research Institute for cutting the samples. The Academy of Finland is gratefully acknowledged for financing (grant 104837). The Finnish Academy of Science and Letters is gratefully acknowledged for providing funding for the measurement journeys.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Sciences, Division of X-ray Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Marko Peura & Ritva Serimaa

  2. Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstraße 19, 24098, Kiel, Germany

    Klaas Kölln, Ingo Grotkopp & Martin Müller

  3. The Finnish Forest Research Institute (METLA), P.O. Box 18, 01301, Vantaa, Finland

    Pekka Saranpää

Authors
  1. Marko Peura
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  2. Klaas Kölln
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  4. Pekka Saranpää
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  5. Martin Müller
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  6. Ritva Serimaa
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Correspondence to Ritva Serimaa.

Appendix

Appendix

Table 2 shows the variation of the determined structural parameters and the tensile properties in juvenile and mature earlywood and latewood, along with the average accuracy of the results for each of the sample categories.

Table 2 Minimum and maximum values of the results from juvenile and mature earlywood and latewood
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Peura, M., Kölln, K., Grotkopp, I. et al. The effect of axial strain on crystalline cellulose in Norway spruce. Wood Sci Technol 41, 565–583 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-007-0141-x

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