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Administration of the Bisphosphonate Zoledronic Acid During Tooth Development Inhibits Tooth Eruption and Formation and Induces Dental Abnormalities in Rats

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Abstract

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are potent inhibitors of osteoclastic bone resorption and widely used for the treatment of osteoporosis and metastatic bone diseases. Recently, BPs have also been shown to benefit children with primary and secondary osteoporosis, including osteogenesis imperfecta; however, their long-term safety has not been established yet. Clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that BPs delay or inhibit tooth eruption. The failure of tooth eruption causes several dental abnormalities. In this study, to determine the effects of BPs on tooth formation, the BP zoledronic acid (ZOL) was injected into 7- and 14-day-old rats, and the development of the mandibular teeth was examined. X-ray analysis demonstrated that ZOL inhibited the eruption of both incisors and molars and their formation, especially in the molar roots. Histological examination showed that, in ZOL-treated animals, alveolar bone remained unresorbed around tooth crowns, which injured ameloblasts and enamel matrix, leading to defects of the enamel. Furthermore, haphazard proliferation of odontogenic epithelium and mesenchyme associated with primitive tooth structures, which resembles human odontomas, was induced at the basal end of incisors but not around the molars. Tooth ankylosis to alveolar bone was occasionally observed in molars. These results suggest that administration of BPs during tooth development has the potential to inhibit tooth eruption and formation and to induce several types of dental abnormalities, which may be attributed to the altered osteoclastic activities.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants in aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (to T. H. and H. N.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara-Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan

    Toru Hiraga, Akihiro Hosoya & Hiroaki Nakamura

  2. Division of Hard Tissue Research, Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara-Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan

    Tadashi Ninomiya

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  1. Toru Hiraga
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  2. Tadashi Ninomiya
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  4. Hiroaki Nakamura
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Correspondence to Toru Hiraga.

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The authors have stated that they have no conflict of interest.

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Hiraga, T., Ninomiya, T., Hosoya, A. et al. Administration of the Bisphosphonate Zoledronic Acid During Tooth Development Inhibits Tooth Eruption and Formation and Induces Dental Abnormalities in Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 86, 502–510 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-010-9366-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-010-9366-z

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