Abstract
Systematic deviations occur when blindfolded subjects set a test bar parallel to a reference bar in the horizontal plane using haptic information (Kappers and Koenderink 1999, Perception 28:781–795; Kappers 1999, Perception 28:1001–1012). These deviations are assumed to reflect the use of a combination of a biasing egocentric reference frame and an allocentric, more cognitive one (Kappers 2002, Acta Psychol 109:25–40). In two experiments, we have examined the effect of delay between the perception of a reference bar and the parallel setting of a test bar. In both experiments a 10-s delay improved performance. The improvement increased with a larger horizontal (left–right) distance between the bars. This improvement was interpreted as a shift from the egocentric towards the allocentric reference frame during the delay period.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
As pointed out by an anonymous referee, the hand-centered frame might also be considered external to the body, and thus in a sense could form an allocentric reference instead. Here we will follow the more classical approach, that whenever a part of the body is used to link features in space to, it is taken as an egocentric reference.
References
Annett M (1970) A classification of hand preference by association analysis. Br J Psychol 61:303–321
Appelle S, Countryman M (1986) Eliminating the haptic oblique effect: influence of scanning incongruity and prior knowledge of the standards. Perception 15:325–329
Blumenfeld, W (1937) The relationship between optical and haptic construction of space. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2:125–175
Bridgeman B, Peery S, Anand S (1997) Interaction of cognitive and sensorimotor maps of visual space. Percep Psychophys 59:456–469
Cohen L, Celnik P, Pascual-Leone A, Corwell B, Falz L, Dambrosia J, Honda M, Sadato N, Gerloff C, Catala, MD (1997) Functional relevance of cross-modal plasticity in blind humans. Nature 389:180–183
Cornoldi C, Cortesi A, Preti D (1991) Individual differences in the capacity limitations of visuospatial short-term memory: research on sighted and totally congenitally blind people. Mem Cognit 19:459–468
Creem SH, Proffitt DR (1998) Two memories for geographical slant: separation and interdependence of action and awareness. Psychon BullRev 5:22–36
Dijkerman HC, Milner AD (1997) Copying without perceiving: motor imagery in visual form agnosia. Neuroreport 8:729–732
Foulke E (1982) Perception, cognition and the mobility of blind pedestrians. In: Potegal M (ed) Spatial abilities: development and physiological foundations. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 55–76
Gentaz E, Hatwell Y (1998) The haptic oblique effect in the perception of rod orientation by blind adults. Percept Psychophys 60:157–167
Gentaz E, Hatwell Y (1999) Role of memorization conditions in the haptic processing of orientations and the 'oblique effect'. Br J Psychol 90:373–388
Graziano MSA, Xin Tian Hu, Gross CG (1997) Visuospatial properties of ventral premotor cortex. J Neurophysiol 77(:2268–2292
Kappers AML (1999) Large systematic deviations in the haptic perception of parellelity. Perception 28:1001–1012
Kappers AML (2002) Haptic perception of parallelity in the midsagittal plane. Acta Psychol (Amst) 109:25–40
Kappers AML, Koenderink JJ (1999) Haptic perception of spatial relations. Perception 28:781–795
Lávadas E, Pellegrino G di, Farné A, Zeloni, G (1998) Neuropsychological evidence of an integrated visuotactile representation of peripersonal space in humans. J Cogn Neurosci 10(:581–589
Lanca M, Bryant DJ (1995) Effect of orientation in haptic reproduction of line length. Percept Mot Skills 80:1291–1298
Lechelt EC, Verenka A (1980) Spatial anisotropy in intramodal and cross-modal judgments of stimulus orientation: the stability of the oblique effect. Perception 9:581–589
Lechelt EC, Eliuk J, Tanne G (1976) Perception orientational asymmetries: a comparison of visual and haptic space. Percept Psychophys 20:463–469
Lederman SJ, Klatzky RL, Barber PO (1985) Spatial and movement-based heuristics for encoding pattern information through touch. J Exp Psychol Gen 114:33–49
Luyat M, Gentaz E, Corte TR, Guerraz M (2001) Reference frames and haptic perception: body and head tilt effects on the oblique effect. Percept Psychophys 63(:541–554
Marks LE, Armstrong L (1996) Haptic and visual representations of space. In: Inui T, McClelland JL (eds) Attention and performance. 16. Information integration in perception and communication. Attention and performance. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 263–287
Millar S (1981) Cross modal and intersensory perception and the blind. In: Pick HL, Walk RD (eds) Intersensory perception and sensory integration. Plenum Press, New York, pp 281–314
Millar S (1988) Models of sensory deprivation: the nature/nurture dichotomy and spatial representation in the blind. Int J Behav Dev 11:69–87
Millar S (1994) Understanding and representing space: theory and evidence from studies with blind and sighted children. Clarendon Press/Oxford University Press, Oxford
Milner AD, Goodale MA (1995) The visual brain in action. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Milner AD, Paulignan Y, Dijkerman HC, Michel F, Jeannerod M (1999) A paradoxical improvement of misreaching in optic ataxia: new evidence for two separate neural systems for visual localization. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 266:2225–2229
Paillard J (1991) Motor and representational framing of space. In: Paillard J (ed) Brain and space. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 163–182
Paillard J, Michel F, Stelmach G (1983) Localization without content. A tactile analogue of 'blind sight'. Arch Neurol 40:548–551
Pick HL (1974) Visual coding of non-visual spatial information. In: Macleod RB, Pick H (eds) Perception: essays in honor of J.J. Gibson. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, pp 153–165
Pick HL, Warren DH, Hay JC (1969) Sensory conflict in judgments of spatial direction. Percept Psychophys 6:203–205
Rossetti Y (1998) Implicit short-lived motor representations of space in brain damaged and healthy subjects. Conscious Cogn 7:520–558
Rossetti Y, Régnier C (1995) Representations in action: pointing to a target with various representations. In: Bardy BG, Bootsma RJ, Guiard Y (eds) Studies in perception and action III. Laurence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, 233–236
Rossetti Y, Rode G, Boisson D (1995) Implicit processing of somaesthetic information: a dissociation between where and how? Neuroreport 6:506–510
Rossetti Y, Gaunet F, Thinus-Blanc C (1996) Early visual experience affects memorization and spatial representation of proprioceptive targets. Neuroreport 7:1219–1223
Rossetti Y, Pisella L, Pelisson D (2000) New insights on eye blindness and hand sight: temporal constraints of visuo-motor networks. Visual Cogn 7:2785–2808
Sadato N, Pascual-Leone A, Grafman J, Ibanez V, Deiber MP, Dold G, Hallett M (1996) Activation of primary visual cortex by Braille reading in blind subjects. Nature 380:526–528
Sterken Y, Postma A, de Haan EHF, Dingemans A (1999) Egocentric and exocentric spatial judgements of visual displacement. Q J Exp Psychol Hum Exp Psychol 52A:1047–1055
Thinus-Blanc C, Gaunet F (1997) Representation of space in blind persons: vision as a spatial sense? Psychol Bull 121:20–42
Worchel P (1951) Space perception and orientation in the blind. Psychol Monogr 65:1–28
Wraga M, Creem SH, Proffitt DR (1999) The influence of spatial reference frames on imagined object- and viewer rotations. Acta Psychol (Amst) 102:247–264
Zangaladze A, Epstein CM, Grafton ST, Sathian K (1999) Involvement of visual cortex in tactile discrimination of orientation. Nature 401:587–590
Acknowledgements
Sander Zuidhoek, Rob van der Lubbe and Albert Postma were supported by a grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO: 440-20-000).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zuidhoek, S., Kappers, A.M.L., van der Lubbe, R.H.J. et al. Delay improves performance on a haptic spatial matching task. Exp Brain Res 149, 320–330 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-002-1365-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-002-1365-5