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Amelioration of growth, nutritional value, and microbial load of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) through probiotic supplemented feed

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Abstract

Industrial production of Tenebrio molitor larvae (TML), a promising source of protein for food, requires safety, fast growth, maturation, and high survival. Probiotics, enhance host growth and protect against pathogens and diseases. This study evaluates the effects of three probiotic bacteria immobilized on the diet of mealworms, on growth performance, nutritional value, and microbial load of T. molitor larvae. The bacteria employed were Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus toyonensis and Enterococcus faecalis, all presenting probiotic properties. The highest larvae weight and length gain and shorter time to pupation were observed in the E. faecalis series. Following probiotic administration, the crude protein content increased, and crude fat was reduced. The highest protein values were observed in E. faecalis series, the highest dry matter content when B. toyonensis and B. subtilis were employed, and the lowest fat content in B. subtilis series. Fatty acid analysis showed significantly decreased content of palmitic and myristic acid and increased levels of stearic acid in all treatments. Microbial load analysis showed a decrease in Enterobacteriaceae by 46 and 99% in B. subtilis and B. toyonensis series, while coliforms and endospores were significantly reduced in all probiotic series. Addition of probiotic bacteria in T. molitor larvae diet resulted in a significant improvement in terms of growth enhancement, nutritional fortification, and microbial load reduction. In conclusion, probiotic bacteria in TML diet result in the faster production of nutritious and safe insects, to cover insect food market demands.

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Acknowledgements

This study was partially financially supported by the Graduate Program “Applications of Biology” of the School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Mrs. Rizou was partially financially supported by the Hellenic Entomological Society.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Eleftheria Rizou, Maria Bisba, Agapi Papadimitriou, Gloria Kyrila & Maria Touraki

  2. Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Natasa Kalogiouri

  3. Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Antigoni Lazou

  4. Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Dimitra, 57001, Thermi, Greece

    Stefanos Andreadis

  5. Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Magdalini Hatzikamari

  6. Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Ioannis Mourtzinos

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  1. Eleftheria Rizou
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  2. Natasa Kalogiouri
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  3. Maria Bisba
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  10. Maria Touraki
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Correspondence to Maria Touraki.

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Rizou, E., Kalogiouri, N., Bisba, M. et al. Amelioration of growth, nutritional value, and microbial load of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) through probiotic supplemented feed. Eur Food Res Technol 248, 727–739 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-021-03925-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-021-03925-5

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