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Characterization of volatile compounds of Turkish pine honeys from different regions and classification with chemometric studies

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Abstract

Pine honey is highly appreciated by consumers because of its non-crystallization, appearance, color, taste, and unique aroma. The objective of this study was to investigate the volatile compounds of pine honeys from 23 stations from 7 regions in Turkey’s Aegean and Mediterranean regions. Solid-phase microextraction, followed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) systems were used to determine volatile compounds qualitatively and quantitatively. A total of 32 volatile compounds were identified and octanol, nonanol, 4,4,7-α-trimethyl 2,4,5,6,7-α-hexahydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl-methanol, benzaldehyde, octanal, phenylacetaldehyde, nonanal, decanal, 2-nonanone, 4-oxoisophorone, methyl salicylate, α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, cis-linalool oxide, borneol, 1,8-cineole, and β-damascenone were found to be common volatile compounds. The classification based on the geographical origin of pine honey samples was determined using principal component analyses (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analyses (HCA). These results revealed that nonanal, nonanol, octanol, decanal, phenylacetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, octanal, α-pinene, 4-oxoisophorone, methyl salicylate, isopropyl myristate, limonene, and β-damascenone could be used as marker compounds in Turkish pine honeys.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Mr. Ziya Şahin, Turkish Association of Beekeepers (TAB), Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, and General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM) for providing the pine honey samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000, Muğla, Turkey

    Mehmet E. Duru & Meltem Taş

  2. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Muğla Vocational School, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000, Muğla, Turkey

    Fatih Çayan & Gülsen Tel-Çayan

  3. Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Köyceğiz Vocational School of Health Services, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000, Köyceğiz, Muğla, Turkey

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  1. Mehmet E. Duru
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  4. Selçuk Küçükaydın
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Correspondence to Mehmet E. Duru or Gülsen Tel-Çayan.

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Duru, M.E., Taş, M., Çayan, F. et al. Characterization of volatile compounds of Turkish pine honeys from different regions and classification with chemometric studies. Eur Food Res Technol 247, 2533–2544 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-021-03817-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-021-03817-8

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