Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Foaming characteristics of oat protein and modification by partial hydrolysis

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
European Food Research and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Foaming ability of oat protein isolate (OPI) was analysed at pH 4 and 7. Foaming properties were influenced by partial hydrolysis with trypsin (OPT) and alcalase (OPA). The viscoelasticity of the protein film, the interactions between the protein molecules, and the network forming within the protein film were analysed by interfacial rheology. At pH 7, foams made of OPI and OPT were found to be stable with OPI showing the fastest foaming ability. At pH 4, the foaming properties of OPI were found to be poor due to limited solubility. The specific cleavage pattern of trypsin resulted in peptides with improved foaming properties, especially at pH 4, resulting in a homogenous foam structure, a fast foaming ability, and a highly viscoelastic interfacial film. The formation of a thick steric protein layer at pH 7 and the formation of strong hydrophobic interactions at pH 4 were found to be the dominating foam stabilisation mechanisms. In conclusion, oat protein may serve as a food ingredient with targeted functional properties.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mohamed A, Biresaw G, Xu J et al (2009) Oats protein isolate: thermal, rheological, surface and functional properties. Food Res Int 42:107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2008.10.011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kaukonen O, Sontag-Strohm T, Salovaara H et al (2011) Foaming of differently processed oats: role of nonpolar lipids and tryptophanin proteins. Cereal Chem 88:239–244. https://doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM-11-10-0154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Konak Üİ, Ercili-Cura D, Sibakov J et al (2014) CO2-defatted oats: solubility, emulsification and foaming properties. J Cereal Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2014.01.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Ma CY, Harwalkar VR (1984) Chemical characterization and functionality assessment of oat protein fractions. J Agric Food Chem 32:144–149. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00121a035

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Guan X, Yao H, Chen Z et al (2007) Some functional properties of oat bran protein concentrate modified by trypsin. Food Chem 101:163–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.01.011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Cheftel JC, Cuq JL, Lorient D (1992) Chap. 8: Veränderungen von Proteinen. In: Lebensmittelproteine: Biochemie, funktionelle Eigenschaften, Ernährungsphysiologie, chemische Modifizierung. Behr´s Verlag, Hamburg, pp 317–338

    Google Scholar 

  7. Mirmoghtadaie L, Kadivar M, Shahedi M (2009) Effects of succinylation and deamidation on functional properties of oat protein isolate. Food Chem 114:127–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.025

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ercili-Cura D, Miyamoto A, Paananen A, Yoshii H (2015) Adsorption of oat proteins to air e water interface in relation to their colloidal state. Food Hydrocoll 44:183–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.09.017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ma CY (1985) Functional properties of oat concentrate treated with linoleate or trypsin. Can Inst Food Sci Technol J 18:79–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0315-5463(85)71724-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ma CY, Wood DF (1987) Functional properties of oat proteins modified by acylation, trypsin hydrolysis or linoleate treatment. J Am Oil Chem Soc 64:1726–1731. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02542510

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kilara A, Panyam D (2003) Peptides from milk proteins and their properties. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 43:607–633. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408690390251138

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Bandyopadhyay K, Misra G, Ghosh S (2008) Preparation and characterisation of protein hydrolysates from indian defatted rice bran meal. J Oleo Sci 57:47–52. https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.57.47

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Betancur-Ancona D, Sosa-Espinoza T, Ruiz-Ruiz J et al (2014) Enzymatic hydrolysis of hard-to-cook bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) protein concentrates and its effects on biological and functional properties. Int J Food Sci Technol 49:2–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.12267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chabanon G, Chevalot I, Framboisier X et al (2007) Hydrolysis of rapeseed protein isolates: kinetics, characterization and functional properties of hydrolysates. Process Biochem 42:1419–1428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2007.07.009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Condés MC, Scilingo AA, Añón MC (2009) Characterization of amaranth proteins modified by trypsin proteolysis. Structural and functional changes. LWT - Food Sci Technol 42:963–970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2008.12.008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lqari H, Pedroche J, Girón-Calle J et al (2005) Production of Lupinus angustifolius protein hydrolysates with improved functional properties. Grasas Aceites 56:. https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.2005.v56.i2.121

  17. Molina Ortiz SE, Wagner JR (2002) Hydrolysates of native and modified soy protein isolates: structural characteristics, solubility and foaming properties. Food Res Int 35:511–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00149-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Popović L, Peričin D, Vaštag Ž et al (2013) Antioxidative and functional properties of pumpkin oil cake globulin hydrolysates. J Am Oil Chem Soc 90:1157–1165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-013-2257-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Conde JM, del Mar Yust Escobar M, Pedroche Jiménez JJ et al (2005) Effect of enzymatic treatment of extracted sunflower proteins on solubility, amino acid composition, and surface activity. J Agric Food Chem 53:8038–8045. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051026i

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Wouters AGB, Rombouts I, Legein M et al (2016) Air–water interfacial properties of enzymatic wheat gluten hydrolyzates determine their foaming behavior. Food Hydrocoll 55:155–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.11.017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Rodríguez Patino JM, Miñones Conde J, Linares HM et al (2007) Interfacial and foaming properties of enzyme-induced hydrolysis of sunflower protein isolate. Food Hydrocoll 21:782–793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2006.09.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Martínez KD, Carrera Sánchez C, Rodríguez Patino JM, Pilosof AMR (2009) Interfacial and foaming properties of soy protein and their hydrolysates. Food Hydrocoll 23:2149–2157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2009.03.015

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Conde JM, Rodríguez Patino JM, Trillo JM (2005) Structural characteristics of hydrolysates of proteins from extracted sunflower flour at the air–water interface. Biomacromology 6:3137–3145. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm050469s

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Kaukovirta-Norja A, Myllymäki O, Aro H, Hietaniemi V, Pihlava JM, Valtion Teknillinen T (2008) Method for fractionating oat, products thus obtained, and use thereof, WO/2008/096044

  25. Adler-Nissen J (1986) Enzymic hydrolysis of food proteins, 1 st. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, New York (USA)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Böttcher S, Drusch S (2016) Interfacial properties of saponin extracts and their impact on foam characteristics. Food Biophys 11:91–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11483-015-9420-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Benjamins J, Lyklema J, Lucassen-Reynders EH (2006) Compression/expansion rheology of oil/water interfaces with adsorbed proteins. Comparison with the air/water surface. Langmuir 22:6181–6188. https://doi.org/10.1021/la060441h

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Ferry JD (1980) Viscoelastic properties of polymers. Wiley, Hoboken

    Google Scholar 

  29. Tschoegl NW (1989) The phenomenological theory of linear viscoelastic behavior. Springer, Berlin

    Book  Google Scholar 

  30. Peterson DM (1978) Subunit structure and composition of oat seed globulin. Plant Physiol 62:506–509. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.62.4.506

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Nivala O, Mäkinen OE, Kruus K et al (2017) Structuring colloidal oat and faba bean protein particles via enzymatic modification. Food Chem 231:87–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.114

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Loponen J, Laine P, Sontag-Strohm T, Salovaara H (2007) Behaviour of oat globulins in lactic acid fermentation of oat bran. Eur Food Res Technol 225:105–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-006-0387-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Morrissey PA, Mulvihill DM, O’Neill EM (1987) Functional properties of muscle proteins. In: Hudson BJF (ed) Development in food proteins. Elsevier Applied Science, London, pp 195–265

    Google Scholar 

  34. Chen J, Tian J, Zheng F et al (2012) Effects of protein hydrolysis on pasting properties of wheat flour. Starch - Stärke 64:524–530. https://doi.org/10.1002/star.201100180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Plietz P, Zirwer D, Schlesier B et al (1984) Shape, symmetry, hydration and secondary structure of the legumin from Vicia faba in solution. Biochim Biophys Acta Protein Struct Mol Enzymol 784:140–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4838(84)90120-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Nieto-Nieto TV, Wang YX, Ozimek L, Chen L (2014) Effects of partial hydrolysis on structure and gelling properties of oat globular proteins. Food Res Int 55:418–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2013.11.038

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Osman A, El-Araby G, Taha H (2016) Potential use as a bio-preservative from lupin protein hydrolysate generated by alcalase in food system. J Appl Biol Biotechnol. https://doi.org/10.7324/JABB.2016.40212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Svendsen I, Breddam K (1992) Isolation and amino acid sequence of a glutamic acid specific endopeptidase from Bacillus licheniformis. Eur J Biochem 204:165–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16619.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Brinegar AC, Peterson DM (1982) Separation and characterization of oat globulin polypeptides. Arch Biochem Biophys 219:71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(82)90135-7

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Burgess SR, Shewry PR, Matlashewski GJ et al (1983) Characteristics of oat (Avena sativa L.) seed globulins. J Exp Bot 34:1320–1332. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/34.10.1320

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Liu G, Li J, Shi K et al (2009) Composition, secondary structure, and self-assembly of oat protein isolate. J Agric Food Chem 57:4552–4558. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf900135e

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Drago SR, González RJ (2000) Foaming properties of enzymatically hydrolysed wheat gluten. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 1:269–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1466-8564(00)00034-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Kong X, Zhou H, Qian H (2007) Enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat gluten by proteases and properties of the resulting hydrolysates. Food Chem 102:759–763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.062

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Lqari H, Pedroche J, Girón-Calle J et al (2005) Production of lupinus angustifolius protein hydrolysates with improved functional properties. Grasas Aceites 56:135–140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Pedroche J, Yust M, Lqari H et al (2004) Brassica carinata protein isolates: chemical composition, protein characterization and improvement of functional properties by protein hydrolysis. Food Chem 88:337–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.01.045

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Yust M, Pedroche M, J, Millán-Linares M del C, et al (2010) Improvement of functional properties of chickpea proteins by hydrolysis with immobilised Alcalase. Food Chem 122:1212–1217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Panyam D, Kilara A (1996) Enhancing the functionality of food proteins by enzymatic modification. Trends Food Sci Technol 7:120–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-2244(96)10012-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Zhang Z, Li G, Shi B (2006) Physicochemical properties of collagen, gelatin and collagen hydrolysate derived from bovine limed split wastes. J Soc Leather Technol Chem 90:23–28

    Google Scholar 

  49. Jung S, Murphy PA, Johnson LA (2005) Physicochemical and functional properties of soy protein substrates modified by low levels of protease hydrolysis. J Food Sci 70:C180–C187. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb07080.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Tsumura K, Saito T, Tsuge K et al (2005) Functional properties of soy protein hydrolysates obtained by selective proteolysis. LWT Food Sci Technol 38:255–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2004.06.007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. De Jongh HHJ, Kosters HA, Kudryashova E et al (2004) Protein adsorption at air–water interfaces: a combination of details. Biopolymers 74:131–135. https://doi.org/10.1002/bip.20036

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Kinsella J (1981) Functional properties of proteins: possible relationships between structure and function in foams. Food Chem 7:273–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(81)90033-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Wilde P (2000) Interfaces: their role in foam and emulsion behaviour. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 5:176–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-0294(00)00056-X

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Damodaran S (2005) R: concise reviews/hypotheses in food science protein stabilization of emulsions and foams. Food Sci 70:54–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Murray BS (2007) Stabilization of bubbles and foams. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 12:232–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2007.07.009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Hunter TN, Pugh RJ, Franks GV, Jameson GJ (2008) The role of particles in stabilising foams and emulsions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 137:57–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2007.07.007

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Bos AM, van Vliet T (2001) Interfacial rheological properties of adsorbed protein layers and surfactants: a review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 91:437–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8686(00)00077-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Mitropoulos V, Mütze A, Fischer P (2014) Mechanical properties of protein adsorption layers at the air/water and oil/water interface: a comparison in light of the thermodynamical stability of proteins. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 206:195–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2013.11.004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Dickinson E (2003) Hydrocolloids at interfaces and the influence on the properties of dispersed systems. Food Hydrocoll 17:25–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-005X(01)00120-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Zhao Y, Mine Y, Ma CY (2004) Study of thermal aggregation of oat globulin by laser light scattering. J Agric Food Chem 52:3089–3096. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030735y

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Turgeon SL, Gauthier SF, Molle D, Leonil J (1992) Interfacial properties of tryptic peptides of beta-lactoglobulin. J Agric Food Chem 40:669–675. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00016a030

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Singh AM, Dalgleish DG (1998) The emulsifying properties of hydrolyzates of whey proteins. J Dairy Sci 81:918–924. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75651-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Freer EM, Yim KS, Fuller GG, Radke CJ (2004) Interfacial rheology of globular and flexible proteins at the hexadecane/water interface: comparison of shear and dilatation deformation. J Phys Chem B 108:3835–3844. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp037236k

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Gochev G, Retzlaff I, Exerowa D, Miller R (2014) Electrostatic stabilization of foam films from β-lactoglobulin solutions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 460:272–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.12.037

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Damodaran S, Paraf A (1997) Food proteins and their applications. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York

    Google Scholar 

  66. Perez AA, Sánchez CC, Rodríguez Patino JM et al (2012) Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis and polysaccharide addition on the β-lactoglobulin adsorption at the air–water interface. J Food Eng 109:712–720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.11.017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Davis JP, Doucet D, Foegeding EA (2005) Foaming and interfacial properties of hydrolyzed β-lactoglobulin. J Colloid Interface Sci 288:412–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.03.002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Tamm F, Sauer G, Scampicchio M, Drusch S (2012) Pendant drop tensiometry for the evaluation of the foaming properties of milk-derived proteins. Food Hydrocoll 27:371–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2011.10.013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Roth S, Murray BS, Dickinson E (2000) Interfacial shear rheology of aged and heat-treated β-lactoglobulin films: displacement by nonionic surfactant. J Agric Food Chem 48:1491–1497. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990976z

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Izmailova VN (1979) Structure formation and rheological properties of proteins and surface polymers of interfacial adsorption layers. Progr Surf Membr Sci 13:141–209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The project is part of the ERA-NET SUSFOOD “OATPRO, Engineering of oat proteins: Consumer driven sustainable food development process”. The authors thank the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany Projektträger Jülich for the financial support (project no. 031A661). The authors acknowledge Cornelia Rauh and Daniel Baier for assistance in foaming experiments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Technology and Food Material Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany

    Monika Brückner-Gühmann, Theresia Heiden-Hecht & Stephan Drusch

  2. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044, Espoo, Finland

    Nesli Sözer

Authors
  1. Monika Brückner-Gühmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Theresia Heiden-Hecht
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nesli Sözer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Stephan Drusch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Monika Brückner-Gühmann.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Compliance with ethics requirements

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Brückner-Gühmann, M., Heiden-Hecht, T., Sözer, N. et al. Foaming characteristics of oat protein and modification by partial hydrolysis. Eur Food Res Technol 244, 2095–2106 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-018-3118-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-018-3118-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation