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An improved drop casting electrochemical strategy for furosemide quantification in natural waters exploiting chemically reduced graphene oxide on glassy carbon electrodes

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Abstract

This work exploits the applicability of a chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRGO) modification on the electrochemical response of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the first-time sensitive determination of furosemide in natural waters. The batch injection analysis (BIA) is proposed as an analytical method, where CRGO-GCE is coupled to a BIA cell for amperometric measurements. Acetate buffer (0.1 μmol L−1, pH 5.2) was used as the background electrolyte. The modification provided an increase in sensitivity (0.024 μA/μmol L−1), low limit of detection (0.7 μmol L−1), RSD (< 4%), and broad linear range (1–600 μmol L−1). Recovery tests performed in two different concentration ranges resulted in values between 89 and 99%. Recovery tests were performed and compared with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-Vis detection using Student’s t test at a 95% significance level, and no significant differences were found, confirming the accuracy of the method. The developed method is proven faster (169 h−1) compared with the HPLC analysis (5 h−1), also comparable with other flow procedures hereby described, offering a low-cost strategy suitable to quantify an emerging pharmaceutical pollutant.

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Funding

The authors received financial support from CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Peter Sørensen Group of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil

    Sancler C. Vasconcelos, Eduardo M. Rodrigues, Leonardo G. de Almeida, Fábio G. Lepri, Wagner F. Pacheco, Felipe S. Semaan & Rafael M. Dornellas

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  1. Sancler C. Vasconcelos
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  2. Eduardo M. Rodrigues
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  3. Leonardo G. de Almeida
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  4. Fábio G. Lepri
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  5. Wagner F. Pacheco
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  6. Felipe S. Semaan
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  7. Rafael M. Dornellas
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Contributions

Investigation: Sancler da Costa Vasconcelos, Eduardo Magalhaes Rodrigues, Leonardo Gomes de Almeida; validation: Sancler da Costa Vasconcelos, Eduardo Magalhaes Rodrigues, Leonardo Gomes de Almeida; conceptualization: Sancler da Costa Vasconcelos, Leonardo Gomes de Almeida, Fabio Grandis Lepri, Wagner Felippe Pacheco, Felipe Silva Semaan, Rafael Machado Dornellas; methodology: Sancler da Costa Vasconcelos, Leonardo Gomes de Almeida; formal analysis: Sancler da Costa Vasconcelos, Leonardo Gomes de Almeida; writing—original draft: Sancler da Costa Vasconcelos, Leonardo Gomes de Almeida, Felipe Silva Semaan, Rafael Machado Dornellas; project administration: Fabio Grandis Lepri, Wagner Felippe Pacheco, Felipe Silva Semaan, Rafael Machado Dornellas; writing—review and editing: Fabio Grandis Lepri, Wagner Felippe Pacheco, Felipe Silva Semaan, Rafael Machado Dornellas; supervision: Fabio Grandis Lepri, Wagner Felippe Pacheco, Felipe Silva Semaan, Rafael Machado Dornellas; resources: Fabio Grandis Lepri, Wagner Felippe Pacheco, Felipe Silva Semaan, Rafael Machado Dornellas; funding acquisition: Wagner Felippe Pacheco, Rafael Machado Dornellas

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Correspondence to Rafael M. Dornellas.

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Vasconcelos, S.C., Rodrigues, E.M., de Almeida, L.G. et al. An improved drop casting electrochemical strategy for furosemide quantification in natural waters exploiting chemically reduced graphene oxide on glassy carbon electrodes. Anal Bioanal Chem 412, 7123–7130 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02845-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02845-9

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