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Identification of aquatically available carbon from algae through solution-state NMR of whole 13C-labelled cells

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Abstract

Green algae and cyanobacteria are primary producers with profound impact on food web functioning. Both represent key carbon sources and sinks in the aquatic environment, helping modulate the dissolved organic matter balance and representing a potential biofuel source. Underlying the impact of algae and cyanobacteria on an ecosystem level is their molecular composition. Herein, intact 13C-labelled whole cell suspensions of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella vulgaris and Synechocystis were studied using a variety of 1D and 2D 1H/13C solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic experiments. Solution-state NMR spectroscopy of whole cell suspensions is particularly relevant as it identifies species that are mobile (dissolved or dynamic gels), ‘aquatically available’ and directly contribute to the aquatic carbon pool upon lysis, death or become a readily available food source on consumption. In this study, a wide range of metabolites and structural components were identified within the whole cell suspensions. In addition, significant differences in the lipid/triacylglyceride (TAG) content of green algae and cyanobacteria were confirmed. Mobile species in algae are quite different from those in abundance in ‘classic’ dissolved organic matter (DOM) indicating that if algae are major contributors to DOM, considerable selective preservation of minor components (e.g. sterols) or biotransformation would have to occur. Identifying the metabolites and dissolved components within algal cells by NMR permits future studies of carbon transfer between species and through the food chain, whilst providing a foundation to better understand the role of algae in the formation of DOM and the sequestration/transformation of carbon in aquatic environments.

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Acknowledgments

A. J. S. would like to thank Mark Krembil and the Krembil Foundation for both inspiring and funding this research. A. J. S. would like to thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for financially supporting this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada

    Mohammad Akhter, Rudraksha Dutta Majumdar, Blythe Fortier-McGill, Ronald Soong, Yalda Liaghati-Mobarhan, Myrna Simpson & André J. Simpson

  2. Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada

    Mohammad Akhter, Rudraksha Dutta Majumdar, Blythe Fortier-McGill, Ronald Soong, Yalda Liaghati-Mobarhan, Myrna Simpson, George Arhonditsis & André J. Simpson

  3. Silantes GmbH, Gollierstr. 70 C, 80339, München, Germany

    Sebastian Schmidt & Hermann Heumann

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  1. Mohammad Akhter
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Akhter, M., Dutta Majumdar, R., Fortier-McGill, B. et al. Identification of aquatically available carbon from algae through solution-state NMR of whole 13C-labelled cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 408, 4357–4370 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9534-8

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