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In situ ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and direct microvial insert thermal desorption for gas chromatographic determination of bisphenol compounds

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Abstract

A new procedure based on direct insert microvial thermal desorption injection allows the direct analysis of ionic liquid extracts by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For this purpose, an in situ ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (in situ IL DLLME) has been developed for the quantification of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol Z (BPZ) and bisphenol F (BPF). Different parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of the microextraction technique and the thermal desorption step were studied. The optimized procedure, determining the analytes as acetyl derivatives, provided detection limits of 26, 18 and 19 ng L−1 for BPA, BPZ and BPF, respectively. The release of the three analytes from plastic containers was monitored using this newly developed analytical method. Analysis of the migration test solutions for 15 different plastic containers in daily use identified the presence of the analytes at concentrations ranging between 0.07 and 37 μg L−1 in six of the samples studied, BPA being the most commonly found and at higher concentrations than the other analytes.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia (Fundación Séneca, Project 19462/PI/14) and the Spanish MINECO (Project CTQ2012-34772). J.I. Cacho also acknowledges a fellowship from the University of Murcia.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain

    Juan Ignacio Cacho, Natalia Campillo, Pilar Viñas & Manuel Hernández-Córdoba

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  1. Juan Ignacio Cacho
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  2. Natalia Campillo
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  3. Pilar Viñas
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  4. Manuel Hernández-Córdoba
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Manuel Hernández-Córdoba.

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Cacho, J.I., Campillo, N., Viñas, P. et al. In situ ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and direct microvial insert thermal desorption for gas chromatographic determination of bisphenol compounds. Anal Bioanal Chem 408, 243–249 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-9098-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-9098-z

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