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Ripening-dependent metabolic changes in the volatiles of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit: I. Characterization of pineapple aroma compounds by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

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Abstract

Qualitative ripening-dependent changes of pineapple volatiles were studied via headspace solid-phase microextraction and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography quadrupole mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC×GC-qMS). Early green-ripe stage, post-harvest ripened, and green-ripe fruits at the end of their commercial shelf-life were compared to air-freighted pineapples harvested at full maturity. In total, more than 290 volatiles could be identified by mass spectrometry and their linear retention indices. The majority of compounds comprise esters (methyl and ethyl esters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, acetates), terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, 2-ketones, free fatty acids, and miscellaneous γ- and δ-lactones. The structured separation space obtained by GC×GC allowed revealing various homologous series of compound classes as well as clustering of sesquiterpenes. Post-harvest ripening increased the diversity of the volatile profile compared to both early green-ripe maturity stages and on-plant ripened fruits.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Mr. Frank Oberschilp (Peelco Ltd., Accra, Ghana) and Mr. Fritz Schumacher (Schumacher GmbH, Filderstadt-Bernhausen, Germany) for supplying the fruits. One of the authors (C.B.S.) is grateful for funding of the present research by the Landesgraduiertenförderung Baden-Württemberg. Financial support from the Ministerium für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft, Ernährung, Weinbau und Forsten (MULEWF, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany) is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Hohenheim University, Garbenstrasse 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany

    Christof Björn Steingass & Reinhold Carle

  2. Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum (DLR) Rheinpfalz, Competence Center for Wine Research, Breitenweg 71, 67435, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Germany

    Hans-Georg Schmarr

  3. Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80257, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Reinhold Carle

Authors
  1. Christof Björn Steingass
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Correspondence to Christof Björn Steingass.

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Steingass, C.B., Carle, R. & Schmarr, HG. Ripening-dependent metabolic changes in the volatiles of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit: I. Characterization of pineapple aroma compounds by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 407, 2591–2608 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-8474-z

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