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Column–coupling strategies for multidimensional electrophoretic separation techniques

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Abstract

Multidimensional electrophoretic separations represent one of the most common strategies for dealing with the analysis of complex samples. In recent years we have been witnessing the explosive growth of separation techniques for the analysis of complex samples in applications ranging from life sciences to industry. In this sense, electrophoretic separations offer several strategic advantages such as excellent separation efficiency, different methods with a broad range of separation mechanisms, and low liquid consumption generating less waste effluents and lower costs per analysis, among others. Despite their impressive separation efficiency, multidimensional electrophoretic separations present some drawbacks that have delayed their extensive use: the volumes of the columns, and consequently of the injected sample, are significantly smaller compared to other analytical techniques, thus the coupling interfaces between two separations components must be very efficient in terms of providing geometrical precision with low dead volume. Likewise, very sensitive detection systems are required. Additionally, in electrophoretic separation techniques, the surface properties of the columns play a fundamental role for electroosmosis as well as the unwanted adsorption of proteins or other complex biomolecules. In this sense the requirements for an efficient coupling for electrophoretic separation techniques involve several aspects related to microfluidics and physicochemical interactions of the electrolyte solutions and the solid capillary walls. It is interesting to see how these multidimensional electrophoretic separation techniques have been used jointly with different detection techniques, for intermediate detection as well as for final identification and quantification, particularly important in the case of mass spectrometry. In this work we present a critical review about the different strategies for coupling two or more electrophoretic separation techniques and the different intermediate and final detection methods implemented for such separations.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Excellence Initiative, a jointly funded program of the German federal and state governments, organized by the German Research Foundation (DFG), by the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association within the framework of the Helmholtz Young Investigators Group Program in Germany and the National Council for Research in Science and Technology (CONICET) in Argentina.

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  1. Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany

    Pablo A. Kler, Daniel Sydes & Carolin Huhn

  2. Centro de Investigación de Métodos Computacionales (CIMEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Colectora RN 168 Km 472, S3000GLN, Santa Fe, Argentina

    Pablo A. Kler

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  1. Pablo A. Kler
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Correspondence to Pablo A. Kler.

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Published in the topical collection Multidimensional Chromatography with guest editors Torsten C. Schmidt, Oliver J. Schmitz, and Thorsten Teutenberg.

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Kler, P.A., Sydes, D. & Huhn, C. Column–coupling strategies for multidimensional electrophoretic separation techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 407, 119–138 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8099-7

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