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Fluorescent sensors using DNA-functionalized graphene oxide

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Abstract

In the past few years, graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a unique platform for developing DNA-based biosensors, given the DNA adsorption and fluorescence-quenching properties of GO. Adsorbed DNA probes can be desorbed from the GO surface in the presence of target analytes, producing a fluorescence signal. In addition to this initial design, many other strategies have been reported, including the use of aptamers, molecular beacons, and DNAzymes as probes, label-free detection, utilization of the intrinsic fluorescence of GO, and the application of covalently linked DNA probes. The potential applications of DNA-functionalized GO range from environmental monitoring and cell imaging to biomedical diagnosis. In this review, we first summarize the fundamental surface interactions between DNA and GO and the related fluorescence-quenching mechanism. Following that, the various sensor design strategies are critically compared. Problems that must be overcome before this technology can reach its full potential are described, and a few future directions are also discussed.

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Acknowledgments

The related work from the Liu lab at the University of Waterloo is supported by the NSERC of Canada, the Early Researcher Award from the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, and the University of Waterloo. This work is also supported by the Foundation for Shenghua Scholar, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 81301258, 21301195), the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Central South University and Hunan province (grant no. 124896), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (grant no. 2013M540644), the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 13JJ4029), the International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program (grant no. [2014]29), and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (grant no. 20130162120078).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China

    Zhenbao Liu, Jinsong Ding & Juewen Liu

  2. Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada

    Biwu Liu & Juewen Liu

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  1. Zhenbao Liu
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  2. Biwu Liu
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  3. Jinsong Ding
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  4. Juewen Liu
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Correspondence to Juewen Liu.

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Published in the topical collection Graphene in Analytics with guest editors Martin Pumera, Ronen Polsky, and Craig Banks.

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Liu, Z., Liu, B., Ding, J. et al. Fluorescent sensors using DNA-functionalized graphene oxide. Anal Bioanal Chem 406, 6885–6902 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-7888-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-7888-3

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