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Investigation of chondroitin sulfate D and chondroitin sulfate E as novel chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis

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Abstract

Various chiral selectors have been utilized successfully in capillary electrophoresis (CE); however, the number of polysaccharides used as chiral selectors is still small and the mechanism of enantiorecognition has not been fully elucidated. Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. In this paper, they were investigated for the first time for their potential as chiral selectors by CE. The effect of buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, and applied voltage were systematically examined and optimized. A variety of drug enantiomers were resolved in the buffer pH range of 2.8–3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage. A central composite design was used to validate the optimized separation parameters and satisfactory uniformity was obtained. As observed, CSE allowed satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester, as well as partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol under the optimized conditions. CSD allowed partial or nearly baseline separation of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, and sulconazole. The results indicated that CSE has a better enantiorecognition capability than CSD toward the tested drugs.

Chiral separation of various drug enantiomers in CE with CSE (A) and CSD (B) as chiral selectors

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81001422) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Program No. JKZ2011010).

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China

    Qi Zhang, Yingxiang Du, Jiaquan Chen, Guangfu Xu, Tao Yu, Xiaoyi Hua & Jinjing Zhang

  2. Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China

    Yingxiang Du

  3. State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China

    Yingxiang Du

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  1. Qi Zhang
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  2. Yingxiang Du
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  5. Tao Yu
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Correspondence to Yingxiang Du.

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Zhang, Q., Du, Y., Chen, J. et al. Investigation of chondroitin sulfate D and chondroitin sulfate E as novel chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 406, 1557–1566 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7544-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7544-3

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