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Carbon nanostructured materials for applications in nano-medicine, cultural heritage, and electrochemical biosensors

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An Erratum to this article was published on 18 March 2014

Abstract

This review covers applications of pristine and functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in nano-medicine, cultural heritage, and biosensors. The physicochemical properties of these engineered nanoparticles are similar to those of ultrafine components of airborne pollution (UF) and might have similar adverse effects. UF may impair cardiovascular autonomic control (inducing a high-risk condition for adverse cardiovascular effects), cause mammalian embryo toxicity, and increase geno-cytotoxic risk. SWCNTs coated with a biopolymer, for example polyethylenimine (PEI), become extremely biocompatible, hence are useful for in-vivo and in-vitro drug delivery and gene transfection. It is also possible to successfully immobilize a human enteric virus on PEI/SWCNT composites, suggesting application as a carrier in non-permissive media. The effectiveness of carbon nanostructured materials in the cleaning, restoration, and consolidation of deteriorated historical surfaces has been widely shown by the use of carbon nanomicelles to remove black dendritic crust from stone surfaces. The nanomicelles, here, have the twofold role of delivery and controlled release of the cleaning agents. The high biocompatibility of functionalized SWCNTs with enzymes and proteins is a fundamental feature used in the assembly of electrochemical biosensors. In particular, a third-generation protoporphyrin IX-based biosensor has been assembled for amperometric detection of nitrite, an environmental pollutant involved in the biodeterioration and black encrustation of historical surfaces.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Professor A. Pietroiusti, Department of Occupational Medicine at the University of Rome Tor Vergata, and Professor M. Divizia, Department of Hygiene and Public Health, at the same University of Rome (Italy) for medical assistance and technical support. The authors also thank Professor C.S. Salerno, Central Institute for Restoration (ICR) of Rome, for collecting deteriorated marble samples and useful discussion.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, II Università Degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Roma, Italy

    F. Valentini, M. Carbone & G. Palleschi

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  1. F. Valentini
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  2. M. Carbone
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  3. G. Palleschi
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Correspondence to F. Valentini.

Additional information

Published in the special issue Analytical Science in Italy with guest editor Aldo Roda.

An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-7653-7.

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Valentini, F., Carbone, M. & Palleschi, G. Carbon nanostructured materials for applications in nano-medicine, cultural heritage, and electrochemical biosensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 405, 451–465 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6351-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6351-6

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