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Anti-oxidative and inflammatory responses induced by fly ash particles and carbon black in lung epithelial cells

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Abstract

Combustion-derived nanoparticles as constituents of ambient particulate matter have been shown to induce adverse health effects due to inhalation. However, the components inducing these effects as well as the biological mechanisms are still not fully understood. The fine fraction of fly ash particles collected from the electrostatic precipitator of a municipal solid waste incinerator was taken as an example for real particles with complex composition released into the atmosphere to study the mechanism of early biological responses of BEAS-2B human lung epithelial cells. The studies include the effects of the water-soluble and -insoluble fractions of the fly ash and the well-studied carbon black nanoparticles were used as a reference. Fly ash induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased the total cellular glutathione (tGSH) content. Carbon black also induced ROS generation; however, in contrast to the fly ash, it decreased the intracellular tGSH. The fly ash-induced oxidative stress was correlated with induction of the anti-oxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 and increase of the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2. Carbon black was not able to induce HO-1. ROS generation, tGSH increase and HO-1 induction were only induced by the insoluble fraction of the fly ash, not by the water-soluble fraction. ROS generation and HO-1 induction were markedly inhibited by pre-incubation of the cells with the anti-oxidant N-acetyl cysteine which confirmed the involvement of oxidative stress. Both effects were also reduced by the metal chelator deferoxamine indicating a contribution of bioavailable transition metals. In summary, both fly ash and carbon black induce ROS but only fly ash induced an increase of intracellular tGSH and HO-1 production. Bioavailable transition metals in the solid water-insoluble matrix of the fly ash mostly contribute to the effects.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Tanja Both and Tanja Detzel for their excellent technical assistance in the cell culture and biological analyses, Hanns-Rudolf Paur and Sonja Mülhopt for providing the fly ash, and Klaus Jay for the PCDD/PCDF analyses. Funding for this study was partly provided by the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Germany, (BfR-ZEBET-1238-182).

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  1. Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

    Silvia Diabaté, Diana Plaumann, Caroline Übel & Carsten Weiss

  2. Institute of Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

    Britta Bergfeldt

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  1. Silvia Diabaté
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Correspondence to Silvia Diabaté.

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Published in the special issue Aerosol Analysis with guest editor Ralf Zimmermann.

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Diabaté, S., Bergfeldt, B., Plaumann, D. et al. Anti-oxidative and inflammatory responses induced by fly ash particles and carbon black in lung epithelial cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 401, 3197–3212 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5102-4

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