Abstract
Human body fluids have been rediscovered in the post-genomic era as a great source of biological markers and perhaps as source of potential biomarkers of disease. Recently, it has been found that not only proteins but also peptides and their modifications can be indicators of early pathogenic processes. This paper reports the identification of free phosphopeptides in human fluids using an improved IMAC strategy coupled to iterative mass spectrometry-based scanning techniques (neutral loss, precursor ion, multiple reaction monitoring). Many peptides were detected in the enriched extract samples when submitted to the MS-integrated strategy, whereas they were not detected in the initial extract samples. The combination of the IMAC-modified protocol with selective “precursor ion” and constant “neutral loss” triple quadrupole scan modes confers a high sensitivity on the analysis, allowing rapid phosphopeptide identification and characterization, even at low concentrations. To the best of our knowledge this work represents the first report exclusively focused on the detection of free phosphorylated peptides in biological fluids.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Schulte H, Tammen H, Selle P, Schulz K (2005) Peptides in body fluids and tissues as markers of disease. Exp Rev Mol Diagn 5:145–157
Schrader M, Schulz-Knappe P (2001) Peptidomics technologies for human body fluids. Trends Biotechnol 19:S55–S60
Diamandis EP (2006) Peptidomics for cancer diagnosis: present and future. J Proteome Res 5:2079–2082
Li J, Zhang Z, Rosenzweig J, Wang J, Chan DWY (2002) No serum biomarkers to detect breast cancer with IMAC-chip. Clin Chem 48:1296–1304
Hyoung-Joo L, Eun-Young L, Min-Seok K, Young-Kil P (2006) Biomarker discovery from the plasma proteome using multidimensional fractionation proteomics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 10:42–49
Zhang X, Juanying Y, Jensen ON, Roepstorff P (2007) Highly efficient phosphopeptide enrichment by calcium phosphate precipitation combined with subsequent IMAC enrichment. Mol Cell Proteomics 6:2032–2042
Wei J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Tan F, Liu J, Cai Y, Qian X (2008) Highly efficient enrichment of phosphopeptides by magnetic nanoparticles coated with zirconium phosphonate for phosphoproteome analysis. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 22:1069–1080
Sun X, Chiu JF, He QY (2008) Fractionation of proteins by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Methods Mol Biol 424:205–212
Tan F, Zhang Y, Mi W, Wang J, Wei J, Cai Y, Qian X (2008) Enrichment of phosphopeptides by Fe(3+)-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles for phosphoproteome analysis of the plasma membrane of mouse liver. J Proteome Res 7:1078–1087
Chertov O, Biragyn A, Kwak LWC, Simpson JT, Boronina T, Hoang VM, Prieto DA, Conrads TP, Veenstra TD, Fisher RJ (2004) Organic solvent extraction of proteins and peptides from serum as an effective sample preparation for detection and identification of biomarkers by mass spectrometry. Proteomics 4:1195–1203
Khan A, Pocker NM (2006) Simple urinary preparation for proteomic analysis. J Proteome Res 5:2824–2838
Zhang H, Zhang C, Lajoie GA, Yeung KK (2005) Selective sampling of phosphopeptides for detection by MALDI mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 77:6078–6084
Moser K, White FM (2006) Phosphoproteomic analysis of rat liver by high capacity IMAC and LC-MS/MS. J. Proteome Res 5:98–104
Ficarro SB, Mc Cleland ML, Stukenberg PT, Burke DJ, Ross MM, Shabanovwitz J, Hunt DF, White FM (2002) Phosphoproteome analysis by mass spectrometry and its application to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nat Biotechnol 3:301–305
Lehmann WD, Kruger R, Salek M, Hung CW, Wolschin F, Weckwerth W (2007) Neutral loss-based phosphopeptide recognition: a collection of caveats. J Proteome Res 6:2866–2873
Edelson-Averbukh M, Pipkorn R, Lehmann WD (2006) Phosphate group-driven fragmentation of multiply charged phosphopeptide anions. Improved recognition of peptides phosphorylated at serine, threonine, or tyrosine by negative ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 78:1249–1256
Ottiger C, Savoca R, Yurtsever H, Huber AR (2006) Increased sensitivity in detecting renal impairments by quantitative measurement of marker protein excretion compared to detection of pathological particles in urine sediment analysis. Clin Chem Lab Med 44:1347–1354
Mauri P, Scarpa A, Nascimbeni AC, Benazzi L, Parmagnani E, Mafficini A, Della Peruta M, Bassi C, Miyazaki K, Sorio C (2005) Identification of proteins released by pancreatic cancer cells by multidimensional protein identification technology: a strategy for identification of novel cancer markers. FASEB J 4:1249–1256
Marshall J, Kupchak P, Zhu W, Yantha J, Vrees T, Furesz S (2003) Processing of serum proteins underlies the mass spectral fingerprinting of myocardial infarction. J Proteome Res 2:361–372
Maurer MC, Peng JL, An SS, Trosset JY, Henschen-Edman A, Scheraga HA (1998) Structural examination of the influence of phosphorylation on the binding of fibrinopeptide A to bovine thrombin. Biochemistry 28:5888–5902
Schlesinger DH, Hay DI (1977) Complete covalent structure of statherin, a tyrosine-rich acidic peptide which inhibits calcium phosphate precipitation from human parotid saliva. J Biol Chem 2521:689–1695
Naurato N, Wong P, Lu Y, Wroblewski K, Bennick A (1999) Interaction of tannin with human salivary histatins. J Agric Food Chem 47:2229–2234
Messana I, Inzitari R, Fanali C, Cabras T, Castagnola M (2008) Facts and artifacts in proteomics of body fluids. What proteomics of saliva is telling us? J Sep Sci 31 doi:10.1002/jssc.200800100
Herrero M, Ibañez E, Cifuentes A (2008) Capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry in peptide analysis and peptidomics. Electrophoresis 29:2148–2160
Romanova EV, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV (2008) One-step sampling, extraction, and storage protocol for peptidomics using dihydroxybenzoic acid. Anal Chem 80:3379–3386
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grants from the INBB, the Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca Scientifica (Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006; FIRB 2001). Support from the National Center of Excellence in Molecular Medicine (MIUR, Rome) and from the Regional Center of Competence (CRdC ATIBB, Regione Campania, Naples) is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cirulli, C., Chiappetta, G., Marino, G. et al. Identification of free phosphopeptides in different biological fluids by a mass spectrometry approach. Anal Bioanal Chem 392, 147–159 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2266-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2266-7