Abstract
A selective and sensitive analytical method for determination of ten congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs 31, 28, 52, 101, 118, 153, 105, 138, 156, and 180) in mussel samples (Mytilus galloprovincialis) based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS–MS) is presented in this work. Extraction conditions were optimised using a Plackett–Burman factorial design. The final extracts were analysed after cleanup on alumina columns. The optimised extraction parameters were solvent percentage, sample amount, extraction temperature, pressure, static extraction time, flush percentage, and purge time. The results suggest that PCBs 118, 105, and 180 extractions appeared affected by only one statistically significant factor, pressure, solvent percentage and static extraction time, respectively. Extraction of PCBs 138 and 156 was affected by amount of sample. PCB 138 extraction was also statistically affected by static extraction time and purge time. Quantitative recoveries (64.8–120.3%) were achieved for all PCBs and method precision (RSD < 19%) was satisfactory.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chase ME, Jones SH, Hennigar P, Sowless J, Harding GCH, Freeman K, Wells PG, Krahforst C, Coombs K, Crawford R, Pederson J, Taylor D (2001) Mar Pollut Bull 42:491–505
O’Conner TP (1998) Mar Pollut Bull 37:9–14
Ahmed FE (2001) Trends Anal Chem 20:649–661
Eskilsson S, Björklund J (2000) J Chromatogr A 902:227–250
Benijts T, Vercammen J, Dams R, Tuan HP, Lambert W, Sandra P (2001) J Chromatogr B 755:137–142
Camel V (2000) Trends Anal Chem 19:229–248
Wenzel KD, Hubert A, Manz M, Weissflog L, Engewald W, Shumman G (1998) Anal Chem 70:4827–4835
Ritcher BE, Jones BA, Ezzell JL, Porter NL, Avdalovic N, Pohl C (1996) Anal Chem 68:1033–1039
Heemken OP, Theobald N, Wenclawiak BW (1997) Anal Chem 69:2171–2180
Ritcher BE, Ezzell JL, Felix D, Roberts KA, Later DW (1995) Am Lab 27:24–28
Hawthorne SB, Grabanski CB, Hagerman KJ, Milter DJ (1998) J Chromatogr A 814:151–160
Björklund E, Nilsson T, Bowadt S (2000) Trends Anal Chem 19:434–445
Gómez-Ariza JL, Bujalance M, Giraldez I, Velasco A, Morales E (2002) J Chromatogr A 946:209–219
Carro AM, Lorenzo RA, Fernández F, Rodil R, Cela R (2005) J Chromatogr A 1071:93–98
Guardia-Rubio M, Marchal-López RM, Ayora-Cañada MJ, Ruiz-Medina A (2007) J Chromatogr A 1145:195–203
Verenitch SS, de Bruyn AMH, Ikonomou MG, Mazumder A (2007) J Chromatogr A 1142:199–208
González-Quijano A, Fumega J (1996) Informes Técnicos. Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Ministerio de Agricultura Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid 160:1–27
Carro N, García I, Llompart M (2000) Analusis 28:720–724
Carro N, García I, Ignacio MC, Mouteira A (2006) Anal Bioanal Chem 385:901–909
Brochu C, Moore S, Hamelin G (2000), Varian Application Note 64, Varian, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
Lou X, Janssen HG, Cramers CA (1997) Anal Chem 69:1598–1603
Saim N, Dean JR, Abdullah MP, Zakaria Z (1998) Anal Chem 70:420–424
Björklund E, Bowadt S, Nilsson T, Mathiasson L (1999) J Chromatogr A 836:285–293
Bandh C, Björklund E, Mathiasson L, Naf C, Zebuhr Y (2000) Environ Sci Technol 34:4995–5000
Carro N, García I, Ignacio MC, Llompart M, Yebra MC, Mouteira A (2002) Anal Bioanal Chem 374:547–553
Chu FLE, Soudant P, Cruz-Rodríguez LA, Hale RC (2000) Mar Environ Res 50:217–221
Vandenburg HJ, Clifford AA, Bartle KD, Zhu SA (1998) Anal Chem 70:1943–1948
Zuloaga O, Etxebarria N, Fernández LA, Madariaga JM (1998) Trends Anal Chem 17:642–647
Barri T, Bergström S, Hussen A, Norberg J, Jönsson JA (2006) J Chromatogr A 1111:11–20
Popp P, Keil P, Möder M, Paschke A, Thuss U (1997) J Chromatogr A 774:203–211
Ahmed FE (2003) Trends Anal Chem 22:170–185
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
García, I., Ignacio, M., Mouteira, A. et al. Assisted solvent extraction and ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in mussels. Comparison with other extraction techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 390, 729–737 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1680-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1680-6