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Determination of loratadine and pseudoephedrine sulfate in pharmaceuticals based on non-linear second-order spectrophotometric data generated by a pH-gradient flow injection technique and artificial neural networks

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Abstract

Loratadine (LOR) and pseudoephedrine sulfate (PES) were determined in pharmaceutical samples by using non-linear second-order data generated by a pH-gradient flow injection analysis (FIA) system with diode-array detection. Determination of both analytes was performed on the basis of differences between the acid–base and spectral features of each drug species. Non-linearities were detected by using both qualitative and quantitative tools. As a consequence of the non-linearity, a recently reported algorithm, artificial neural networks followed by residual bilinearization (ANN/RBL), was shown to furnish more satisfactory results. Recoveries of 99.7% (LOR) and 95.6% (PES) were obtained when analyzing a validation set containing unexpected components (the usual excipients found in pharmaceutical preparations). The average value obtained by implementation of the method on four replicates was compared with that obtained by a reference method based on HPLC (difference not significant; p > 0.05).

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Abbreviations

U-PLS/RBL:

Unfolded partial-least-squares/residual bilinearization

ANN/RBL:

Artificial neural networks followed by residual bilinearization

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

PARAFAC:

Parallel-factor analysis

GRAM:

Generalized rank-annihilation method

MCR–ALS:

Multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares

FIA:

Flow injection analysis

DAD:

Diode-array detector

SVD:

Singular-value decomposition

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Acknowledgment

Financial support from Universidad Nacional del Litoral and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) is gratefully acknowledged. M.J.C. thanks CONICET for a fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, (S3000ZAA), Argentina

    María J. Culzoni & Héctor C. Goicoechea

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  1. María J. Culzoni
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  2. Héctor C. Goicoechea
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Correspondence to Héctor C. Goicoechea.

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Culzoni, M.J., Goicoechea, H.C. Determination of loratadine and pseudoephedrine sulfate in pharmaceuticals based on non-linear second-order spectrophotometric data generated by a pH-gradient flow injection technique and artificial neural networks. Anal Bioanal Chem 389, 2217–2225 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1656-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1656-6

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