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Towards a practical Fourier transform infrared chemical imaging protocol for cancer histopathology

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Abstract

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) chemical imaging is a strongly emerging technology that is being increasingly applied to examine tissues in a high-throughput manner. The resulting data quality and quantity have permitted several groups to provide evidence for applicability to cancer pathology. It is critical to understand, however, that an integrated approach with optimal data acquisition, classification, and validation is necessary to realize practical protocols that can be translated to the clinic. Here, we first review the development of technology relevant to clinical translation of FTIR imaging for cancer pathology. The role of each component in this approach is discussed separately by quantitative analysis of the effects of changing parameters on the classification results. We focus on the histology of prostate tissue to illustrate factors in developing a practical protocol for automated histopathology. Next, we demonstrate how these protocols can be used to analyze the effect of experimental parameters on prediction accuracy by analyzing the effects of varying spatial resolution, spectral resolution, and signal to noise ratio. Classification accuracy is shown to depend on the signal to noise ratio of recorded data, while depending only weakly on spectral resolution.

Correlation between conventionally stained and FTIR chemical images for pathology applications

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Notes

  1. There is no advantage to faster scanning once the modulation frequency has reached optimum level for MCT detectors (1 MHz). The reduced time to observe signal then decreases the SNR.

  2. It is noteworthy that we are examining trends in the absorbance spectra. Strictly, SNR should be measured in single beam spectra to relate rigorously to theory. It can be shown, however, that the trend will hold approximately for the absorbance spectra as well. Many practitioners advocate the use of rms SNR. We are employing peak-to-peak fluctuations over the same spectral range. Hence, the noise values we obtain will be higher but will follow the same trend.

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Acknowledgement

The author would like to acknowledge collaborators over the years, especially Dr. Stephen M. Hewitt and Dr. Ira W. Levin of the National Institutes of Health, for numerous useful discussions and guidance. Discussions and help from Dr. Daniel Fernandez during the formative years of this work are also appreciated. Funding for this work was provided in part by University of Illinois Research Board and by the Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program. This work was also funded in part by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications and the University of Illinois, under the auspices of the NCSA/UIUC faculty fellows program.

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  1. Department of Bioengineering and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Rohit Bhargava

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Correspondence to Rohit Bhargava.

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Bhargava, R. Towards a practical Fourier transform infrared chemical imaging protocol for cancer histopathology. Anal Bioanal Chem 389, 1155–1169 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1511-9

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