Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables with ethyl acetate extraction using gas and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A multiresidue method based on extraction with ethyl acetate has been used at the Swedish National Food Administration since 1989 to monitor pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables. The method has been continuously adjusted, resulting in simple and quick analyses of pesticide residues. To recover basic pesticides, the addition of an alkali is necessary. The addition of sodium hydrogen carbonate has been shown to recover all pesticides effectively without any degradation. The liquid chromatography (LC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) technique has made it possible to analyse more polar pesticides and to replace many single methods. The latest development in the multiresidue method, comprising the use of gas chromatography (GC) with MS/MS, has further improved the analysis by replacing the conventional GC detectors. The need for cleanup has been reduced or eliminated entirely. Consequently, the method has been simplified in a way that makes it possible to recover all included analytes in many different matrices in one single extraction and to detect them either with GC-MS/MS or with LC-MS/MS.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Luke MA, Froberg JE, Masumo HT (1975) J Assoc Off Anal Chem Int 58:1020

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Andersson A, Pålsheden H (1991) Fresenius J Anal Chem 339:365

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Andersson A, Pålsheden H, Arén B (1996) Poster presentation at the 1st European pesticide residue workshop, Alkmaar, The Netherlands

  4. Valverde A, Pihlström T, Andersson A (1997) Anal Chim Acta 338:63–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Taylor MJ, Hunter KB, Lindsay D, Le Bouhellec S (2002) J Chromatogr A 982:225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Barnes K, Fussell RJ, Startin J, Pegg MK, Thorpe SA, Reynolds SL (1997) Mass Spectrom 11:117

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Barnes K, Fussell RJ, Startin J, Pegg MK, Thorpe SA, Reynolds SL (1997) Mass Spectro 11:159

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Anastassiades M, Lehotay SJ, Šteinbaher D, Schenk FJ (2003) J AOAC Int 86:412–431

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Gamon M, Leo C, Ten A, Mocholi F (2001) J AOAC Int 84: 1209–1216

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Leandro CC, Hancock P, Fussell R, Keely BJ (2006) J Chromatogr A 1103:94–101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ferrer I, Garcia-Reyes JF, Mezua M, Thurman EM, Fernandez-Alba AR (2005) J Chromatogr A 108:81–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Alder L, Greulich K, Kempe G, Vieh B (2006) Mass Spectrom 6:838–865

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hernandez F, Pozo OJ, Sancho JV, Bijlsma L, Barreda A, Pitarch E (2006) J Chromatogr A 1109:242–252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Jansson C, Pihlström T, Österdahl BG, Markides K (2004) J Chromatogr A 1023:93–104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the co-operation and the diligent and skilful experimental work of Kristina Nordmark, Cathrin Landegren, Aida Pivodic and Jesus Regalado at Analycen Lantmännen, Lidköping, Sweden, and Anna Liedgren at Chemistry Division 1, NFA, Uppsala, Sweden.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research and Development Department, National Food Administration, P.O. Box 622, SE-751 26, Uppsala, Sweden

    Tuija Pihlström, Gun Blomkvist, Ulla Pagard & Bengt-Göran Österdahl

  2. Lantmännen Analycen AB, P.O. Box 905, SE-531 19, Lidköping, Sweden

    Paula Friman

Authors
  1. Tuija Pihlström
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gun Blomkvist
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Paula Friman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ulla Pagard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Bengt-Göran Österdahl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tuija Pihlström.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pihlström, T., Blomkvist, G., Friman, P. et al. Analysis of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables with ethyl acetate extraction using gas and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 389, 1773–1789 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1425-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1425-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation