Abstract
The flavonoids and the terpene lactones are regarded as the two main active components of Ginkgo biloba that affect human health. In the work discussed in this paper, two analytical methods for the characterization of G. biloba authentic materials and commercial products, an LC–UV chromatographic fingerprinting method and a traditional flavonol quantification method, were compared. The traditional method was used to determine the total flavonol content (as glycosides) after acid hydrolysis. The fingerprinting method examined the chromatographic profiles of methanol–water extracts using chemometric methods. The traditional method showed that all the commercial products met the current voluntary standard of 24% flavonols by weight. The chromatographic fingerprinting method revealed significant variations in the commercial products with regard to the relative concentration of individual flavonols.
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Acknowledgement
This research was supported by the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health under an Interagency Agreement. We thank Dr Lane C. Sander of NIST for providing the NIST Ginkgo Standard Reference Materials.
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Appendices
Appendix 1
Peak areas for all peaks
Peak number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Retention time (min) | 4.56 | 10.31 | 11.1 | 12.08 | 12.87 | 13.75 | 14.08 | 14.66 | 15.55 | 16.04 | 16.31 | 16.91 | 17.19 | 18 | 19.21 | 19.49 | 20.09 | 21.45 | 21.85 | 22.44 | 23.21 |
Sample 1 | 8.5 | 16.2 | 25.6 | 32.1 | 1.0 | 72.7 | 12.0 | 17.2 | 43.8 | 1.0 | 29.3 | 38.8 | 50.9 | 33.7 | 1104.6 | 0.1 | 17.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 78.7 | 55.7 |
9.0 | 16.5 | 25.6 | 31.4 | 1.0 | 72.8 | 12.3 | 17.1 | 44.6 | 1.0 | 29.5 | 39.0 | 50.9 | 33.5 | 1081.5 | 0.1 | 17.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 79.6 | 57.7 | |
8.6 | 16.6 | 25.8 | 32.4 | 1.0 | 72.8 | 11.1 | 15.7 | 44.6 | 1.0 | 29.6 | 40.7 | 56.6 | 43.2 | 1065.4 | 0.1 | 17.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 80.4 | 57.6 | |
Sample 2 | 1.0 | 18.0 | 20.4 | 25.1 | 1.0 | 57.7 | 1.0 | 16.8 | 14.6 | 1.0 | 26.5 | 33.3 | 40.7 | 13.2 | 113.8 | 26.1 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 5.3 | 8.2 | 5.2 |
1.0 | 18.3 | 20.6 | 25.2 | 1.0 | 57.6 | 1.0 | 17.0 | 14.8 | 1.0 | 26.6 | 33.6 | 40.8 | 13.1 | 106.3 | 26.2 | 5.9 | 6.7 | 5.5 | 8.0 | 5.3 | |
1.0 | 18.1 | 20.9 | 25.3 | 1.0 | 58.6 | 1.0 | 17.5 | 14.4 | 1.0 | 26.6 | 33.7 | 40.9 | 13.3 | 104.1 | 26.2 | 5.8 | 6.6 | 5.1 | 7.7 | 5.2 | |
Sample 3 | 1.0 | 61.9 | 79.4 | 77.0 | 14.0 | 185.6 | 1.0 | 60.2 | 83.7 | 11.9 | 78.9 | 100.7 | 196.0 | 63.3 | 45.0 | 116.0 | 27.1 | 17.7 | 15.7 | 32.5 | 17.5 |
1.0 | 61.7 | 78.9 | 76.5 | 14.7 | 184.9 | 1.0 | 52.9 | 86.1 | 10.8 | 79.6 | 101.1 | 196.5 | 63.9 | 47.9 | 116.4 | 24.3 | 16.5 | 14.7 | 33.2 | 17.2 | |
1.0 | 61.7 | 70.4 | 77.1 | 14.7 | 184.6 | 1.0 | 58.4 | 82.8 | 11.0 | 80.0 | 100.9 | 195.4 | 62.3 | 49.2 | 114.3 | 23.5 | 18.4 | 16.7 | 30.9 | 16.5 | |
Sample 4 | 1.0 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 7.2 | 1.0 | 64.9 | 1.0 | 6.3 | 16.5 | 1.0 | 6.2 | 8.2 | 25.4 | 12.5 | 44.4 | 19.5 | 7.8 | 5.1 | 1.0 | 25.8 | 12.4 |
1.0 | 6.4 | 5.7 | 7.7 | 1.0 | 68.8 | 1.0 | 5.4 | 15.4 | 1.0 | 6.2 | 8.0 | 26.0 | 12.3 | 43.6 | 19.0 | 7.4 | 5.1 | 1.0 | 24.6 | 12.4 | |
11.3 | 38.1 | 62.2 | 64.1 | 10.7 | 309.1 | 1.0 | 38.6 | 74.1 | 12.1 | 71.4 | 85.8 | 146.9 | 61.3 | 66.4 | 73.7 | 19.1 | 19.2 | 13.9 | 42.2 | 20.5 | |
Sample 5 | 11.2 | 38.2 | 62.4 | 64.2 | 8.8 | 310.5 | 1.0 | 35.6 | 74.6 | 11.4 | 70.6 | 85.2 | 142.8 | 58.0 | 62.2 | 79.4 | 20.4 | 18.8 | 13.2 | 43.4 | 19.8 |
10.8 | 38.5 | 62.4 | 64.1 | 10.8 | 311.8 | 1.0 | 36.6 | 69.7 | 10.9 | 70.8 | 85.0 | 142.7 | 57.8 | 59.3 | 79.5 | 20.3 | 18.9 | 13.2 | 42.4 | 19.5 | |
1.0 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.8 | 1.0 | 71.4 | 1.0 | 6.7 | 14.6 | 1.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 25.0 | 12.0 | 42.7 | 17.0 | 7.5 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 25.2 | 12.9 | |
Sample 6 | 1.0 | 14.4 | 17.7 | 28.0 | 1.0 | 297.9 | 1.0 | 22.6 | 57.0 | 1.0 | 35.3 | 50.4 | 96.8 | 41.3 | 137.8 | 69.2 | 35.5 | 11.8 | 8.3 | 106.8 | 75.8 |
1.0 | 14.5 | 17.8 | 28.0 | 1.0 | 298.4 | 1.0 | 22.3 | 57.1 | 1.0 | 35.6 | 50.9 | 97.5 | 40.4 | 135.8 | 71.5 | 31.8 | 11.5 | 9.7 | 107.7 | 76.9 | |
1.0 | 14.5 | 17.7 | 28.0 | 1.0 | 311.4 | 1.0 | 22.9 | 54.7 | 1.0 | 34.2 | 49.6 | 94.6 | 40.2 | 131.7 | 68.9 | 33.1 | 11.9 | 8.9 | 108.9 | 75.6 | |
Sample 7 | 1.0 | 16.6 | 19.9 | 21.2 | 1.0 | 136.0 | 5.0 | 16.3 | 21.3 | 5.0 | 25.0 | 32.9 | 48.5 | 16.3 | 7.8 | 24.3 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 1.0 | 6.5 | 1.0 |
1.0 | 16.4 | 20.0 | 21.2 | 1.0 | 136.4 | 5.0 | 16.4 | 20.8 | 5.0 | 25.0 | 33.1 | 48.8 | 16.3 | 7.8 | 24.1 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 1.0 | 6.7 | 1.0 | |
1.0 | 16.4 | 19.9 | 21.2 | 1.0 | 135.9 | 5.0 | 16.1 | 20.9 | 5.0 | 25.0 | 32.8 | 48.4 | 16.5 | 6.8 | 24.1 | 5.2 | 5.9 | 1.0 | 6.2 | 1.0 | |
Sample 8 | 1.0 | 21.8 | 21.6 | 31.9 | 1.0 | 270.0 | 1.0 | 20.8 | 26.1 | 1.0 | 34.0 | 47.1 | 53.9 | 20.1 | 19.2 | 31.2 | 8.5 | 8.2 | 1.0 | 17.8 | 9.3 |
1.0 | 21.8 | 21.4 | 32.2 | 1.0 | 269.7 | 1.0 | 21.1 | 21.0 | 1.0 | 34.3 | 47.0 | 53.6 | 20.0 | 18.0 | 31.0 | 8.4 | 7.8 | 1.0 | 16.8 | 9.6 | |
1.0 | 21.6 | 21.3 | 31.9 | 1.0 | 267.7 | 1.0 | 19.8 | 21.7 | 1.0 | 34.1 | 46.4 | 53.1 | 20.0 | 17.7 | 31.1 | 8.3 | 7.6 | 1.0 | 16.3 | 9.8 | |
Sample 9 | 1.0 | 15.2 | 13.5 | 21.9 | 1.0 | 174.9 | 1.0 | 12.9 | 13.2 | 1.0 | 24.3 | 32.8 | 33.2 | 12.3 | 9.0 | 18.5 | 5.2 | 5.9 | 1.0 | 7.8 | 5.3 |
1.0 | 15.1 | 13.2 | 22.0 | 1.0 | 175.1 | 1.0 | 13.6 | 13.5 | 1.0 | 24.2 | 32.8 | 33.2 | 12.3 | 9.4 | 18.8 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 1.0 | 6.5 | 5.2 | |
1.0 | 15.1 | 13.0 | 21.9 | 1.0 | 174.5 | 1.0 | 13.2 | 13.3 | 1.0 | 24.1 | 32.7 | 33.0 | 12.4 | 9.4 | 18.6 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 1.0 | 6.0 | 5.3 | |
Sample 10 | 1.0 | 19.0 | 25.5 | 20.2 | 1.0 | 276.0 | 1.0 | 21.3 | 23.8 | 1.0 | 26.2 | 36.0 | 52.3 | 16.4 | 12.3 | 26.5 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 1.0 | 9.8 | 5.2 |
1.0 | 19.0 | 25.6 | 20.6 | 1.0 | 276.0 | 1.0 | 20.7 | 24.1 | 1.0 | 26.1 | 35.8 | 52.0 | 16.4 | 11.6 | 26.7 | 7.4 | 5.7 | 1.0 | 9.4 | 5.1 | |
1.0 | 19.1 | 25.7 | 20.5 | 1.0 | 276.9 | 1.0 | 21.2 | 24.1 | 1.0 | 26.1 | 35.9 | 52.2 | 16.3 | 12.4 | 26.7 | 6.7 | 5.9 | 1.0 | 9.2 | 5.1 | |
Sample 11 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 22.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1004.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 80.0 | 1.0 | 19.3 | 27.8 | 95.3 | 49.9 | 137.5 | 78.8 | 24.4 | 12.7 | 10.3 | 66.5 | 40.2 |
5.0 | 1.0 | 22.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1005.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 80.9 | 1.0 | 19.3 | 27.7 | 95.1 | 49.4 | 132.0 | 77.9 | 23.8 | 12.9 | 8.5 | 67.0 | 42.3 | |
5.0 | 1.0 | 22.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1003.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 80.7 | 1.0 | 19.5 | 27.8 | 95.4 | 50.2 | 121.3 | 79.4 | 24.4 | 12.6 | 8.8 | 66.9 | 41.7 | |
Sample 12 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 6.9 | 1.0 | 595.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 21.2 | 1.0 | 10.3 | 17.0 | 31.8 | 13.9 | 31.5 | 17.4 | 5.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 19.1 | 13.2 |
1.0 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 6.7 | 1.0 | 595.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 21.0 | 1.0 | 10.1 | 17.2 | 32.0 | 13.7 | 31.8 | 17.6 | 6.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 18.3 | 13.4 | |
1.0 | 5.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 1.0 | 594.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 21.2 | 1.0 | 10.1 | 17.0 | 31.9 | 13.7 | 31.4 | 17.3 | 6.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 19.0 | 12.8 | |
Sample 13 | 1.0 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 8.4 | 1.0 | 674.5 | 1.0 | 5.2 | 11.4 | 1.0 | 16.2 | 24.3 | 12.3 | 6.5 | 64.6 | 7.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 11.2 | 6.9 |
1.0 | 5.4 | 6.7 | 8.8 | 1.0 | 675.2 | 1.0 | 6.6 | 11.1 | 1.0 | 16.3 | 24.2 | 12.4 | 6.6 | 62.4 | 7.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 11.1 | 7.3 | |
1.0 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 8.9 | 1.0 | 673.7 | 1.0 | 6.0 | 11.4 | 1.0 | 16.5 | 24.5 | 12.6 | 6.3 | 60.7 | 6.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 11.4 | 7.2 | |
Sample 14 | 5.0 | 10.4 | 9.7 | 12.8 | 1.0 | 789.5 | 1.0 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 1.0 | 23.6 | 31.6 | 13.8 | 6.6 | 40.6 | 8.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 5.3 | 4.0 |
5.0 | 10.0 | 9.4 | 12.7 | 1.0 | 791.6 | 1.0 | 5.3 | 7.4 | 1.0 | 23.5 | 31.6 | 13.5 | 6.3 | 38.0 | 8.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 5.3 | 4.0 | |
5.0 | 10.1 | 8.9 | 12.8 | 1.0 | 791.4 | 1.0 | 6.0 | 7.4 | 1.0 | 23.6 | 31.5 | 13.5 | 6.3 | 37.7 | 7.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 5.3 | 4.0 | |
AHP | 4.0 | 39.5 | 17.2 | 48.8 | 1.0 | 190.0 | 1.0 | 33.5 | 19.3 | 1.0 | 125.0 | 123.0 | 50.6 | 12.8 | 6.2 | 37.7 | 6.5 | 7.2 | 5.5 | 8.4 | 6.8 |
4.0 | 39.6 | 17.0 | 48.8 | 1.0 | 190.2 | 1.0 | 33.6 | 19.4 | 1.0 | 125.8 | 123.2 | 50.9 | 13.2 | 6.5 | 42.2 | 6.2 | 7.2 | 5.0 | 8.2 | 6.3 | |
4.0 | 39.7 | 17.1 | 48.8 | 1.0 | 190.0 | 1.0 | 33.8 | 19.4 | 1.0 | 123.6 | 123.6 | 51.2 | 13.8 | 6.4 | 38.1 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 5.3 | 7.8 | 6.3 | |
SRM 3246 | 2.0 | 21.0 | 18.6 | 20.1 | 1.0 | 52.1 | 3.0 | 10.5 | 12.0 | 1.0 | 27.8 | 16.4 | 30.6 | 7.6 | 1.0 | 22.2 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
2.0 | 21.2 | 18.8 | 20.1 | 1.0 | 53.0 | 3.0 | 11.2 | 11.8 | 1.0 | 28.0 | 16.4 | 30.8 | 7.6 | 1.0 | 22.2 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | |
2.0 | 21.0 | 18.8 | 20.0 | 1.0 | 51.4 | 3.0 | 9.9 | 11.6 | 1.0 | 22.5 | 16.4 | 30.5 | 7.4 | 1.0 | 22.0 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | |
SRM 3247 | 6.4 | 43.1 | 30.7 | 39.9 | 1.0 | 102.7 | 8.7 | 23.9 | 25.8 | 5.0 | 44.9 | 38.8 | 52.6 | 15.6 | 1.0 | 28.4 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
6.8 | 43.5 | 30.6 | 39.9 | 1.0 | 105.1 | 9.0 | 25.6 | 25.8 | 5.0 | 44.9 | 39.0 | 53.1 | 15.7 | 1.0 | 28.2 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | |
6.9 | 43.7 | 30.6 | 39.8 | 1.0 | 105.9 | 9.2 | 26.6 | 25.4 | 5.0 | 44.8 | 39.2 | 53.0 | 15.5 | 1.0 | 28.2 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | |
SRM 3248 | 10.8 | 68.7 | 48.0 | 62.5 | 1.0 | 168.9 | 17.1 | 41.6 | 41.8 | 7.8 | 72.8 | 64.1 | 88.8 | 26.1 | 1.0 | 51.7 | 10.6 | 10.5 | 8.5 | 5.6 | 2.0 |
10.0 | 68.8 | 48.5 | 62.9 | 1.0 | 171.8 | 17.5 | 42.2 | 41.7 | 7.9 | 72.5 | 63.9 | 88.3 | 25.7 | 1.0 | 47.9 | 9.6 | 9.1 | 7.9 | 5.6 | 2.0 | |
10.0 | 68.7 | 48.9 | 62.9 | 1.0 | 173.1 | 19.3 | 42.3 | 41.4 | 7.8 | 72.7 | 63.7 | 88.6 | 26.0 | 1.0 | 47.8 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 8.6 | 5.7 | 2.0 |
Appendix 2
Data set used for PCA analysis
Peak number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Retention time (min) | 4.56 | 10.31 | 11.1 | 12.08 | 12.87 | 13.75 | 14.08 | 14.66 | 15.55 | 16.04 | 16.31 | 16.91 | 17.19 | 18 | 19.21 | 19.49 | 20.09 | 21.45 | 21.85 | 22.44 | 23.21 |
Sample 1 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.36 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 |
0.01 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.36 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | |
0.01 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.36 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | |
Sample 2 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
0.01 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.03 | |
0.01 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.03 | |
Sample 3 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 | |
0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 | |
Sample 4 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
0.00 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.04 | |
0.00 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.03 | |
Sample 5 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.04 |
0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.04 | |
0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.04 | |
Sample 6 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.20 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.35 | 0.17 | 0.60 | 0.24 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.35 | 0.18 |
0.02 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 1.00 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.39 | 0.19 | 0.68 | 0.30 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.40 | 0.19 | |
0.01 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.38 | 0.18 | 0.63 | 0.28 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.18 | |
Sample 7 | 0.01 | 0.33 | 0.43 | 0.41 | 0.08 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.29 | 0.47 | 0.06 | 0.43 | 0.55 | 1.06 | 0.35 | 0.26 | 0.63 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.09 |
0.01 | 0.33 | 0.43 | 0.41 | 0.08 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.32 | 0.45 | 0.06 | 0.43 | 0.54 | 1.06 | 0.34 | 0.24 | 0.63 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.09 | |
0.01 | 0.33 | 0.38 | 0.42 | 0.08 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.32 | 0.45 | 0.06 | 0.43 | 0.55 | 1.06 | 0.34 | 0.27 | 0.62 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.09 | |
Sample 8 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
0.00 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 | |
0.00 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.02 | |
Sample 9 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
Sample 10 | 0.02 | 0.31 | 0.35 | 0.44 | 0.02 | 1.00 | 0.02 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 0.46 | 0.58 | 0.71 | 0.23 | 1.97 | 0.45 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.09 |
0.02 | 0.32 | 0.36 | 0.44 | 0.02 | 1.00 | 0.02 | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.02 | 0.46 | 0.58 | 0.71 | 0.23 | 1.85 | 0.45 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.09 | |
0.02 | 0.31 | 0.36 | 0.43 | 0.02 | 1.00 | 0.02 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 0.45 | 0.58 | 0.70 | 0.23 | 1.78 | 0.45 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.09 | |
Sample 11 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |
0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |
Sample 12 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.22 | 0.03 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.46 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.06 |
0.04 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.04 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.46 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.06 | |
0.04 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.24 | 0.04 | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0.48 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.07 | |
Sample 13 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.35 | 0.45 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.61 | 0.01 | 0.41 | 0.56 | 0.78 | 0.59 | 14.63 | 0.00 | 0.23 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 1.10 | 0.79 |
0.12 | 0.23 | 0.35 | 0.43 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.61 | 0.01 | 0.41 | 0.54 | 0.70 | 0.46 | 14.86 | 0.00 | 0.25 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 1.09 | 0.79 | |
0.12 | 0.22 | 0.35 | 0.44 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.60 | 0.01 | 0.40 | 0.53 | 0.70 | 0.46 | 15.19 | 0.00 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 1.08 | 0.77 | |
Sample 14 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.30 | 0.13 | 0.42 | 0.22 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.35 | 0.24 |
0.00 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.33 | 0.14 | 0.46 | 0.24 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.36 | 0.26 | |
0.00 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.32 | 0.14 | 0.46 | 0.23 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.36 | 0.25 | |
AHP | 0.02 | 0.21 | 0.09 | 0.26 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.66 | 0.65 | 0.27 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.20 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
0.02 | 0.21 | 0.09 | 0.26 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.66 | 0.65 | 0.27 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.22 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 | |
0.02 | 0.21 | 0.09 | 0.26 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.27 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.20 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 | |
SRM 3246 | 0.04 | 0.40 | 0.36 | 0.39 | 0.02 | 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.02 | 0.53 | 0.31 | 0.59 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.43 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
0.04 | 0.40 | 0.35 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.02 | 0.53 | 0.31 | 0.58 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.42 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 | |
0.04 | 0.41 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.02 | 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.19 | 0.23 | 0.02 | 0.44 | 0.32 | 0.59 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.43 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 | |
SRM 3247 | 0.06 | 0.42 | 0.30 | 0.39 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.08 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 0.44 | 0.38 | 0.51 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.28 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
0.06 | 0.41 | 0.29 | 0.38 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.09 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 0.43 | 0.37 | 0.51 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.27 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |
0.07 | 0.41 | 0.29 | 0.38 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.09 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.05 | 0.42 | 0.37 | 0.50 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.27 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |
SRM 3248 | 0.06 | 0.41 | 0.28 | 0.37 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 0.43 | 0.38 | 0.53 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.31 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
SRM 3248 | 0.06 | 0.40 | 0.28 | 0.37 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.05 | 0.42 | 0.37 | 0.51 | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
0.06 | 0.40 | 0.28 | 0.36 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.05 | 0.42 | 0.37 | 0.51 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
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Chen, P., Ozcan, M. & Harnly, J. Chromatographic fingerprint analysis for evaluation of Ginkgo biloba products. Anal Bioanal Chem 389, 251–261 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1386-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1386-9