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Standardless PIXE analysis of thick biomineral structures

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Abstract

The particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) of thick biomineral targets provides pertinent surface analysis, but if good reference materials are missing then complementary approaches are required to handle the matrix effects. This is illustrated by our results from qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of biomaterials and calcified tissues in which PIXE usually detected up to 20 elements with Z > 14 per sample, many at trace levels. Relative concentrations allow the classification of dental composites according to the mean Z and by multivariate statistics. In femur bones from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, trace element changes showed high individual variability but correlated to each other, and multivariate statistics improved discrimination of abnormal pathology. Changes on the in vitro demineralization of dental enamel suggested that a dissolution of Ca compounds in the outermost layer results in the uncovering of deeper layers containing higher trace element levels. Thus, in spite of significant limitations, standardless PIXE analysis of thick biomineral samples together with proper additional procedures can provide relevant information in biomedical research.

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Abbreviations

AAS:

Atomic absorption spectrometry

ERDA:

Elastic recoil detection analysis

ESR:

Electron spin resonance

FDA:

Factorial discriminant analysis

FTIR spectroscopy:

Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy

HP Ge detector:

Hyperpure Ge detector

ICP-AES:

Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

NAA:

Neutron activation analysis

NRA:

Nuclear reaction analysis

PCA:

Principal component analysis

PIXE:

Particle-induced X-ray emission

PIGE:

Particle-induced γ-ray emission

RBS:

Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy

SRIXE:

Synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray emission

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Acknowledgements

We are indebted to a number of people for cooperation and assistance in preparing, providing, and characterizing the samples, and for valuable suggestions and discussions, in particular to Dr. Maria Moldovan (Raluca Ripan Institute of Chemistry, Cluj-Napoca, Romania) for the Romanian dental composites, and Prof. C. Ionescu Tirgoviste and Dr. Daniela Gutu (Nicolae Paulescu Institute of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest) for the human femur samples. Also we thank Dr. Mariana Anghel (Institute for Water Quality Control, Bucharest) for her expert help with the AAS analysis. E.A.P. warmly acknowledges the highly valuable suggestions and discussions he benefitted from Prof. S. Gomez (Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Spain). Last but not least, a special mention is due to Prof. M. Petrascu (Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest) for pertinent advice and strong encouragement in preparing the manuscript. Part of this study has been performed in the frame of research project 76/2001 of the CERES national program (Institute of Atomic Physics, Bucharest) and has been sponsored by the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, P.O. Box MG-6, Magurele, 76900, Bucharest, Romania

    E. A. Preoteasa, Rodica Georgescu, C. Ciortea, Daniela Fluerasu, Livia Harangus, Andreea Iordan, I. Piticu & D. Pantelica

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Middle East Technical University, 06531, Ankara, Turkey

    Feride Severcan & Handan Boyar

  3. Helident Dental Surgery Ltd., 10 M. Eminescu, 2150, Campina, Romania

    Elena Preoteasa

  4. Institute of Biochemistry, 296 Spl. Independentei, 77700, Bucharest, Romania

    Vl Gheordunescu

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  1. E. A. Preoteasa
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  2. Rodica Georgescu
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  12. Vl Gheordunescu
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Correspondence to E. A. Preoteasa.

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Preoteasa, E.A., Georgescu, R., Ciortea, C. et al. Standardless PIXE analysis of thick biomineral structures. Anal Bioanal Chem 379, 825–841 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-004-2656-4

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