Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Enzyme stabilization strategies based on electrolytes and polyelectrolytes for biosensor applications

  • Review
  • Published:
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The achievements in the area of enzyme stabilization based on electrolytes, polyelectrolytes and polyols is reviewed, in the context of biosensor applications. Both the storage and operational stabilities of the biosensors can be improved using these stabilizers. The deactivation of the enzymes used for the development of biosensors from thermal shock, proteolytic degradation, and non-specific metal-catalyzed oxidation can be drastically reduced with the use of one or more of these stabilizers. It is attempted to deconvolute the effect of these additives on (a) the storage stability or shelf life, and (b) the operational stabilities of the biosensors. Even though there are a large number of techniques and reports dealing with enzyme stabilization, their application to biosensor technology is still very limited. It is thus concluded that the use of the existing enzyme stabilization techniques will have a drastic effect on the storage and operational stabilities of biosensors in the near future.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1A–C.
Fig. 2.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Weetall HH (1999)Biosens Bioelectron 14:237–242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Perdomo, J Sundermeier C, Hinkers H, Martνnez Morell O, Seifert W, Knoll M (1999) Biosens Bioelectron 14:27–32

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Cunningham A (1998) Introduction to bioanalytical sensors. Wiley, New York

  4. Thivenot DR, Toth K, Durst RA, Wilson GS, (1999) Pure Appl Chem 71:2333–2348

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Arakawa T, Prestrelski SJ, Kenney WC, Carpenter JF (2001) Adv Drug Deliv Rev 46:307–326

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Franks F (2002) Biophys Chem 96:117–127

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bowers, L (1986) Anal Chem 58:513A

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Schmid RD (1979) Adv Biochem Eng 12:41–118

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Sundd M, Iverson N, Ibarra-Molero B, Sanchez-Ruiz JM, Robertson AD (2002) Biochemistry 41:7586–7596

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Jackson, SE, Fersht AR (1993) Biochemistry 32:13909–13916

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Honig B, Nicholls A (1995) Science 268:1144–1149

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Shaw KL, Grimsley GR, Yakovlev GI, Makarov A A, Pace CN (2001) Protein Sci 10:1206–1215

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Warshel A (1981) Acc Chem Res 14: 284–290

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Dillet V, Dyson H J,, Bashford D (1998) Biochemistry 37:10298–10306

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Beard MB, Olsen AE, Jones RE, Erdogan S, Houslay MD, Bolger GB (2000) J Biol Chem 275:10349–10358

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Archontis G, Simonson T, Karplus M (2001) J Mol Biol 306:307–327

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Thoden JB, Phillips GN, Neal TM, Raushel FM, Holden HM (2001) Biochemistry 40:6989–6997

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Joshi MD, Sidhu G, Nielsen JE, Brayer GD, Withers SG, McIntosh LP (2001) Biochemistry 40:10115–10139

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Zhang LY, Gallicchio E, Friesner RA, Levy RM (2001) J Comput Chem 22:591–607

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kangas E, Tidor B (2001) J Phys Chem B 105:880–888

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Rees DC (1980) J Mol Biol 141:323–326

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Warwicker J (1998) J Biol Chem 273:2501–2504

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Michel H (1999) Biochemistry 38:15129–15140

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Lutz M, Burestedt E, Emnιus J, Lidιn H Gobhadi S, Gorton L, Marko-Varga G (1995)Anal Chim Acta 305:8–17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Eilertson JH, Fog, AD, Gibson K (1985) US Patent No 4497897

  26. Weijers SR, van't Riet K (1992) Biotechnol Adv 10:237–249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Aunstrup K (1980) Microbial enzymes and bioconversions. In: Rose AH (ed) Economic microbiology, vol. 5. Academic, New York, , pp 50–114

  28. Arakawa T, Timasheff SN (1982) Biochemistry 21:6545–6552

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Goller K, Galinski EA (1999) J Mol Catal B: Enzymatic 7:37–45

    Google Scholar 

  30. Arakawa T, Bhat R, Timasheff SN (1990) Biochemistry 29:1914–1923

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Mazzobre MF, Del Pilar Buera M (1999) Biochim Biophys Acta—Gen Subjects 2–3:337–344

  32. Arakawa T, Timasheff SN (1985) Biophys J 47:411–414

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Lippert K, Galinski EA (1992) Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 37:61–65

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Gφller K, Galinski EA (1999) J Mol Catal B: Enzymatic 7:37–45

    Google Scholar 

  35. Gerlsma SY (1968) J Biol Chem 243:957–961

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Lee M L, Muench, K H (1969) J Biol Chem 2:223–230

    Google Scholar 

  37. Back JF, Oakenfull D, Smith MB (1979) Biochemistry 18:5191–5196

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Gekko K, Timaschef SNT (1981) Biochemistry 20:4667–4676

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Gekko K, Timaschef SNT (1981) Biochemistry 20:4677–4686

    Google Scholar 

  40. Lee JC, Timasheff SN (1981) J Biol Chem 256:7193–7201

    Google Scholar 

  41. Arakawa T, Timasheff SN (1982) Biochemistry 21:6536–6544

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Xie G, Timasheff SN (1997) Protein Sci 6:211–221

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Timasheff SN (1995) Preferential interactions of water and cosolvents with proteins. In: Gregory RB (ed) Protein-solvent interactions. Dekker, New York, p 445

  44. Kaushik JK, Bhat R (1998) J Phys Chem B 102:7058–7066

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Wimmer R, Olson M, Petersen MTN, Hatti-Kaul R, Petersen SB, Müller NJ (1997) Biotechnol 55:85–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Sola-Penna M, Meyer-Fernandez JR (1998) Arch Biochem Biophys 360:10–14

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Kühlmeyer C, Klein J (2003) Enzyme MicrobTechnol 32:99–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Gekko K, Timasheff SN (1981) Biochemistry 20:4667–4676

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Gibson TD, Hulbert JN, Parker SM, Woodward JR, Higgins IJ (1992) Biosens Bioelectron 7:701–708

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Wang J, Liu J, Cepra G (1997) Anal Chem 69:3124–3127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Klibanov AM (1983) Science 219:722–727

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. O'Fagain C, Sheehan H, O'Kennedy R, Kilty C (1988) Biochemistry 23:166–171

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Kauzmann W (1959) Adv Protein Chem 14:1–63

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Janecek S (1993) Process Biochem 28:435–446

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Abian O, Wilson L, Mateo C, Fernández-Lorente G, Palomo JM, Fernández-Lafuente R, Guisán JM, Re D, Tam A, Daminatti M (2002) J Mol Catal B: Enzymatic 19–20:295–303

  56. Rand RP, Fuller NL, Butko P, Francis G, Nicholls P (1993) Biochemistry 32: 5925–5929

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Mitchell DC, Litman BJ (1999) Biochemistry 38:7617–7623

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Franks F, Mathias S (1982) Biophysics of water. Wiley, New York

  59. Timasheff SN (1993) Ann Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 22:67–97

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rosell CM, Guisan JM (1996) Biotechnol Appl Biochem 24:139–143

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Pommerening K, Ristau O, Rein H, Dautzenberg H, Loth F (1983) Biomed Biochim Acta 42:813–823

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Mansfeld J, Förster M, Schellenberger A, Dautzenberg H (1991) Enzyme MicrobTechnol 13:240–244

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Marqusee S, Sauer RT (1994) Protein Sci 3:2217–2225

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Pappenberger G, Schurig H, Jaenicke R (1997) J Mol Biol 274:676-683

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Ibarra-Molero B, Sanchez-Ruiz JM (2002) J Phys Chem B 106:6609–6613

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Sundd M, Iverson N, Ibarra-Molero B, Sanchez-Ruiz JM, Robertson A (2002) Biochemistry 41:7586–7596

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Perl D, Mueller U, Heinemann U, Schmid FX (2000) Nat Struct Biology 7:380–383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Pace CN (2000) Nat Struct Biol 7:345–346

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Spector S, Wang M, Carp SA, Roblee J, Hendsch ZS, Fairman R Tidor B, Raleigh DP (2000) Biochemistry 39:872–879

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Loladze VV, Ibarra-Molero B, Sanchez-Ruiz JM, Makhatadze GI (1999) Biochemistry 38:16419–16423

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Grimsley GR, Shaw KL, Fee LR, Alston RW, Huyghues-Despointes BMP, Turhlkill RL, Scholtz JM, Pace NC (1999) Protein Sci 8:1843–1849

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Ibarra-Molero B, Loladze VV, Makhatadze GI, Sanchez-Ruiz JM (1999) Biochemistry 38:8138–8149

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Gibson TD, Higgins IJ, Woodward JR (1992) Analyst 117:1293–1297

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Gibson TD, Woodward JR (1992) Protein stabilisation in biosensor systems. In: Edelman PG, Wang JB (eds) Biosensors, chemical sensors. ACS, Ch 5, pp 40–55

  75. Gibson TD, Hulbert JN, Woodward JR (1993) Anal Chim Acta 279:185–192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Gibson TD, Hulbert JN, Pierce B, Webster JI (1993) The stabilisation of analytical enzymes using polyelectrolytes, sugar derivatives. In: van den Tweel WJJ, Harder A, Buitelaar RM (eds) Stability, stabilisation of enzymes, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 337–346

  77. O'Malley JJ, Ulmer RW (1973) Biotech Bioeng 15:917–925

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Spohn U, Narasaiah D, Gorton L (1996) Electroanalysis 8:507–514

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Lutz M, Burestedt E, Emneus J, Liden H, Gobhadi S, Gorton L, Marko-Varga G (1995) Anal Chim Acta 305:8–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Wang J, Chen Q (1995) Anal Chem Acta 312:39–42

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Tessema M, Csoregi E, Ruzgas T, Kenausis G, Solomon T Gorton L (1997) Anal Chem 69:4039–4044

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Liden H, Volc J, Marko-Varga G, Gorton L (1998) Electroanalysis 10:223–230

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Bergmann W, Rudolph R, Spohn U (1999) Anal Chem Acta 394:233–241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Hyun J, Young JY, Ryu D (1996) Enzyme MicrobTechnol 19:50–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Hyun J, Young JY (1991) Biotechnol Tech 5:453–458

    Google Scholar 

  86. Appleton A, Gibson TD, Woodward JR (1997) Sens Actuators 43:65–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Gavalas VG, Chaniotakis NA Gibson TD (1998) Biosens Bioelectron 13:1205–1211

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Gavalas VG, Chaniotakis NA (2000) Anal Chim Acta 404:67–73

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Gavalas VG, Chaniotakis NA (2001) Anal Chim Acta 427:227-271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Andersson MM, Hatti-Kaul R (1999)J Biotechnol 72:21–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Hart AL Cox H, Janssen D (1996) Biosens Bioelectron 11:833–837

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Joo H, Yoo YJ, Tyu DDY (1996) Enzyme MicrobTechnol 19:50–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Lukachova LV, Karyakin AA, Karyakina EE, Gorton L (1997) Sens Actuators B 44:356–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Dimakis VT, Gavalas VG, Chaniotakis NA (2002) Anal Chim Acta 467:217–223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Sotiropoulou S, Gavalas V, Vamvakaki V, Chaniotakis NA (2003) Biosens Bioelectron18:211–215

    Google Scholar 

  96. Hartl F-U (1996) Nature 381:571–579

    Google Scholar 

  97. Yan Z, Fujiwara S, Kohda K, Takagi M, Imanaka T (1997) Appl Environ Microbiol 63:785–789

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Izumi M, Fujiwara S, Takagi M, Kanaya S, Imanaka T (1999) Appl Environ Microbiol 65:1801–1805

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Fujiwaraa S, Shiraki Ka, Takagia M, Fukuia K, Imanaka T (2001) J Biosci Bioeng 91:316–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Taguchi H, Yoshida M (1993) J Biol Chem 268:5371–5375

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Brinker A, Pfeifer G, Kerner MJ, Naylor DJ, Hartl FU, Hayer-Hartl M (2001) Cell 107:223–33

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Singh AK, Flounders AW, Volponi JV, Ashley CS, Wally K, Schoeniger JS (1999) Biosens Bioelectron 14:703–713

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Teshima T, Kohda J, Kondo A, Taguchi H, Yohda M Fukuda H (2000) Biotechnol Bioeng 68:184–190

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Bes T, Gomez-Moreno C, Guisan JM, Fernandez-Lafuente R (1995) J Mol Catal 98:161–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Zhou HX, Dill KA (2001) Biochemistry 40:11289–11293

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Eggers DK, Valentine JS (2001) Protein Sci 10:250–61

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Gavalas V G, Chaniotakis NA (2000) Anal Chim Acta 409:131–135

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Sotiropoulou S, Chaniotakis NA (2003) Anal Bioanal Chem 375:103–105

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71 409 , Iraklion, Crete, Greece

    Nikolas A. Chaniotakis

Authors
  1. Nikolas A. Chaniotakis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nikolas A. Chaniotakis.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chaniotakis, N.A. Enzyme stabilization strategies based on electrolytes and polyelectrolytes for biosensor applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 378, 89–95 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-003-2188-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-003-2188-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation