On-line ion-exchange preconcentration and determination of traces of platinum by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract

A method to determine trace amounts of platinum in different samples based on electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry is described. The preconcentration step is performed on a chelating resin microcolumn [1,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-3-sulfophenyl methylene thiocarbonohydrazide (PSTH) immobilized on an anion-exchange resin (Dowex 1×8–200)] placed in the autosampler arm. The combination of a peristaltic pump for sample loading and the atomic absorption spectrometer pumps for elution through a selection valve simplifies the hardware. The peristaltic pump and the selection valve are easily controlled electronically with two switches placed in the autosampler, which are activated when the autosampler arm is down. Thus, the process is fully automated without any modification of the software of the atomic absorption spectrometer. Under the optimum conditions with a 60-s preconcentration time, a sample flow rate of 2.4 mL min⁻¹, and an injection volume of eluent of 40 µL, a linear calibration graph was obtained in the range 0–100 ng mL⁻¹. The enrichment factor was 14. The detection limit under these conditions is 1 ng mL⁻¹, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) is 1.6% for 10 ng mL⁻¹ of Pt. The method has been applied to the determination of platinum in catalyst, vegetation, soil, and natural water samples. The results showed good agreement with the certified value and the recoveries of Pt added to samples were 98–105%.