Abstract
Rationale
Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins act as negative modulators of G protein signaling. RGS4 has been shown to negatively modulate G protein signaling mediated by the delta opioid receptor (DOPr) in vitro. However, the role of RGS4 in modulating DOPr-mediated behaviors in vivo has not been elucidated.
Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the ability of the DOPr agonist SNC80 to induce DOPr-mediated antinociception, antihyperalgesia, antidepressant-like effects, and convulsions in wild-type and RGS4 knockout mice.
Methods
Antinociception was assessed in the acetic acid stretch assay. Antihyperalgesia was measured in a nitroglycerin-induced thermal hyperalgesia assay. Antidepressant-like effects were evaluated in the forced swim and tail suspension tests. Mice were also observed for convulsive activity post-SNC80 treatment. SNC80-induced phosphorylation of MAP kinase in striatal tissue from RGS4 wild-type and knockout mice was quantified by Western blot. DOPr number from forebrain tissue was measured using [3H]DPDPE saturation binding.
Results
Elimination of RGS4 potentiated SNC80-induced antinociception and antihyperalgesia. SNC80-induced antidepressant-like effects were potentiated in RGS4 knockout mice in the forced swim test but not in the tail suspension test. Additionally, RGS4 knockout did not alter SNC80-induced convulsions. SNC80-induced phosphorylation of MAP kinase was potentiated in striatum from RGS4 knockout mice. Loss of RGS4 did not affect total DOPr number.
Conclusions
Overall, these findings demonstrate that reduction of RGS4 functionally may increase the therapeutic index of SNC80. These results provide the first evidence of differential regulation of DOPr-mediated behaviors by RGS proteins and G protein signaling pathways.
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All animal use procedures complied with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals by the National Institutes of Health and were approved by the University of Michigan Institutional Committee on the Use and Care of Animals.
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Part of this work was funded by a PhRMA Foundation Research Starter Grant awarded to EMJ and funds from the University of Michigan Medical School. She has consulted for Trevena, Inc., in 2011–2012 with compensation. JRT has no conflicts and is supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse grant DA 035316. This study was also supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (KCR). RRN is founder and owner of Argessin LLC which holds a license for small-molecule RGS inhibitors and is supported by NIH DA RO1 023252.
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Dripps, I.J., Wang, Q., Neubig, R.R. et al. The role of regulator of G protein signaling 4 in delta-opioid receptor-mediated behaviors. Psychopharmacology 234, 29–39 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-016-4432-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-016-4432-5