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History of childhood adversity is positively associated with ventral striatal dopamine responses to amphetamine

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Abstract

Rationale

Childhood exposure to severe or chronic trauma is an important risk factor for the later development of adult mental health problems, such as substance abuse. Even in nonclinical samples of healthy adults, persons with a history of significant childhood adversity seem to experience greater psychological distress than those without this history. Evidence from rodent studies suggests that early life stress may impair dopamine function in ways that increase risks for drug abuse. However, the degree to which these findings translate to other species remains unclear.

Objectives

This study was conducted to examine associations between childhood adversity and dopamine and subjective responses to amphetamine in humans.

Methods

Following intake assessment, 28 healthy male and female adults, aged 18–29 years, underwent two consecutive 90-min positron emission tomography studies with high specific activity [11C]raclopride. The first scan was preceded by intravenous saline; the second by amphetamine (AMPH 0.3 mg/kg).

Results

Consistent with prior literature, findings showed positive associations between childhood trauma and current levels of perceived stress. Moreover, greater number of traumatic events and higher levels of perceived stress were each associated with higher ventral striatal dopamine responses to AMPH. Findings of mediation analyses further showed that a portion of the relationship between childhood trauma and dopamine release may be mediated by perceived stress.

Conclusions

Overall, results are consistent with preclinical findings suggesting that early trauma may lead to enhanced sensitivity to psychostimulants and that this mechanism may underlie increased vulnerability for drug abuse.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by NIH grants R01 DA022433 (LMO), M01 RR016500 (UMSOM GCRC), and R01MH078175 (DFW). Portions of the work were presented at the American College on Neuropsychopharmacology 2011 Annual Meeting. The authors thank Mark Streer for his technical assistance with preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Family and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Lynn M. Oswald & Shijun Zhu

  2. Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Lynn M. Oswald & Gary S. Wand

  3. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Gary S. Wand & Dean F. Wong

  4. Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Hiroto Kuwabara, Dean F. Wong & James R. Brasic

  5. Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Dean F. Wong

  6. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Dean F. Wong

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  1. Lynn M. Oswald
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Correspondence to Lynn M. Oswald.

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Oswald, L.M., Wand, G.S., Kuwabara, H. et al. History of childhood adversity is positively associated with ventral striatal dopamine responses to amphetamine. Psychopharmacology 231, 2417–2433 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-013-3407-z

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