Abstract
Rationale
Many studies have found that caffeine consumed after overnight caffeine abstinence improves cognitive performance and mood. Much less is known, however, about the effects of caffeine after shorter periods of caffeine abstinence.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to measure the effects on psychomotor and cognitive performance, mood, hand steadiness, blood pressure and heart rate of caffeine administration after periods of 4, 6, and 8 h of caffeine abstinence.
Methods
Participants (n=49, 27 female) were moderate to moderate-high caffeine consumers (mean daily intake 370 mg/day). Following overnight caffeine abstinence, a ‘pre-dose’ of caffeine (1.2 mg/kg) was administered at 9 a.m., 11 a.m. or 1 p.m. The participants started a baseline battery of measurements at 4 p.m. before receiving caffeine (1.2 mg/kg) or placebo at 5 p.m. They then performed the battery of tests again, starting at 5:30 p.m. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised study.
Results
Performance and mood measurements confirmed a psychostimulant action of caffeine (versus placebo), but only after 8 h of caffeine abstinence. Caffeine also increased blood pressure after 8-h abstinence, whereas hand steadiness was decreased and perception of task demand was increased by caffeine after 4 h, but not after 6- and 8-h abstinence.
Conclusions
A second cup-of-coffee equivalent dose of caffeine only reliably affected cognitive performance and mood after an 8-h interval between doses, but not after shorter intervals (when caffeine had some adverse effects). These results show that, apart from caffeine consumption soon after waking, the daily pattern of caffeine intake of many typical caffeine consumers is not well explained by the short-term psychostimulant effects of caffeine.
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by a grant from the European Union Fifth Framework Programme (grant no. QLK1-2000-00069). The views expressed in this paper are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission or its services or their future policy in this area.
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*A summary of some of the results of this study was presented as a poster at a joint meeting of the British Association for Psychopharmacology and European Behavioural Pharmacology Society, held at the University of Sussex, Brighton, UK, in September 2002 (Heatherley et al. 2002)
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Heatherley, S.V., Hayward, R.C., Seers, H.E. et al. Cognitive and psychomotor performance, mood, and pressor effects of caffeine after 4, 6 and 8 h caffeine abstinence. Psychopharmacology 178, 461–470 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-005-2159-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-005-2159-9