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Optimization-based selective harmonic elimination for capacitor voltages balancing in multilevel inverters considering load power factor

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Abstract

In this paper, SHE based on Newton–Raphson algorithm is used for open-loop control of flying capacitor multilevel inverter. Without measuring current and capacitor voltages, as well as not using any controller and voltage feedback, proposed control strategy generates accurate switching angles, capable of balancing flying capacitor voltage and eliminates lower order harmonics while considering load power factor variation. Efficiency and robustness of proposed algorithm are verified by simulation and experiments. Results show that proposed method does effectively eliminate specific low-order harmonics, and inverter output voltage is resulted in low total harmonic distortion with desired number of levels and balanced capacitor voltages.

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Abbreviations

\( \varphi \) :

Load current–voltage phase angle

VC(i,j):

jth capacitor voltage of phase i

C(i,j):

jth capacitor of phase i

S(i,j):

Commutation cell T(i,j) control signal

E :

The DC bus link voltage

VT(i,j):

Inverter phase i voltage across the jth commutation cell

VAO(t):

Phase A-to-DC bus midpoint O voltage

VBO(t):

Phase B-to-DC bus midpoint O voltage

VCO(t):

Phase C-to-DC bus midpoint O voltage

VAB:

Inverter line output voltage

n :

Harmonic order

ω :

Angular frequency

θ1, θ2, θ3:

Switching angles to be calculated

p :

Commutation cell number per inverter half arm

M :

Modulation index

QC(1,1)charging and QC(1,2)charging :

Electrical charge amount during capacitor C(1,1) and C(1,2) charge phases

QC(1,1)discharging and QC(1,2)discharging :

Electrical charge amount during capacitor C(1,1) and C(1,2) discharge phases

Vc(1,1) and Vc(1,2):

C(1,1) and C(1,2) first phase capacitor voltages

ΔVc%:

Flying capacitor voltage ripple rate

I1:

First phase R–L load current

Vf_AN(θ):

Phase VAN fundamental component

I1(θ):

First phase load current

Q :

Capacitor electrical charge

Z(ω):

Load impedance

Vmax and Imax :

Maximum value of output voltage and current, respectively

FCMI:

Flying capacitor multilevel inverter

SHE:

Selective harmonic elimination

DC-link:

Direct current link voltage

R, L load:

Resistive–inductive load

LOH:

Lower order harmonics

CHB inverters:

Cascaded H-bridge inverters

THD:

Distortion harmonic rate

SPWM:

Sinusoidal pulse width modulation

SVM:

Space vector modulation

SHEPWM:

Selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation

N–R:

Newton–Raphson

SQP:

Sequential quadratic programming

GA:

Genetic algorithm

PSO:

Particle swarm optimization

HAS:

Harmony search algorithm

MMC:

Modify multilevel converters

FSM:

Finite state machine

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Robotics, Informatics, and Complex Systems, and National Engineering School of Tunis, University of Tunis, El Manar, Le Belvédère, B.P N° 37, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia

    Lazhar Manai, Faouzi Armi & Mongi Besbes

  2. Higher Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, University of Carthage, B.P N°123, 1164, Hammam Chatt, Tunisia

    Lazhar Manai & Mongi Besbes

  3. Laboratoire d’électronique et électromagnétisme (L2E), Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, Île-de-France, France

    Faouzi Armi

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  1. Lazhar Manai
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Correspondence to Lazhar Manai.

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Manai, L., Armi, F. & Besbes, M. Optimization-based selective harmonic elimination for capacitor voltages balancing in multilevel inverters considering load power factor. Electr Eng 102, 1493–1511 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-020-00960-5

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