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Bone density, microarchitecture, and material strength in chronic kidney disease patients at the time of kidney transplantation

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Abstract

Summary

Bone health is assessed by bone mineral density (BMD). Other techniques such as trabecular bone score and microindentation could improve the risk of fracture’s estimation. Our chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients presented worse bone health (density, microarchitecture, mechanical properties) than controls. More than BMD should be done to evaluate patients at risk of fracture.

Introduction

BMD measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is used to assess bone health in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Recently, trabecular bone score (TBS) and microindentation that can measure microarchitectural and mechanical properties of bone have demonstrated better correlation with fractures than DXA in different populations. We aimed to characterize bone health (BMD, TBS, and strength) and calcium/phosphate metabolism in a cohort of 53 ESRD patients undergoing kidney transplantation (KT) and 94 controls with normal renal function.

Methods

Laboratory workout, lumbar spine/hip BMD measurements (using DXA), lumbar spine TBS, and bone strength were carried out. The latter was assessed with an impact microindentation device, standardized as percentage of a reference value, and expressed as bone material strength index (BMSi) units. Multivariable linear regression was used to study differences between cases and controls adjusted by age, gender, and body mass index.

Results

Among cases, serum calcium was 9.6 ± 0.7 mg/dl, phosphorus 4.4 ± 1.2 mg/dl, and intact parathyroid hormone 214 pg/ml [102–390]. Fourteen patients (26.4%) had prevalent asymptomatic fractures in spinal X-ray. BMD was significantly lower among ESRD patients compared to controls: lumbar 0.966 ± 0.15 vs 0.982 ± 0.15 (adjusted p = 0.037), total hip 0.852 ± 0.15 vs 0.902 ± 0.13 (adjusted p < 0.001), and femoral neck 0.733 ± 0.15 vs 0.775 ± 0.12 (adjusted p < 0.001), as were TBS (1.20 [1.11–1.30] vs 1.31 [1.19–1.43] (adjusted p < 0.001)) and BMSi (79 [71.8–84.2] vs 82. [77.5–88.9] (adjusted p = 0.005)).

Conclusions

ESRD patients undergoing transplant surgery have damaged bone health parameters (density, microarchitecture, and mechanical properties) despite acceptably controlled hyperparathyroidism. Detecting these abnormalities may assist in identifying patients at high risk of post-transplantation fractures.

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Acknowledgements

This study was performed in part by a research grant from the Spanish Society of Nephrology. MJPS has support from a Rio Hortega contract 2016-17, ISCIII. MJPS and SH did this work as part of their doctoral thesis at the Universitat Autònoma Barcelona. MC and JP are supported by grants PI13/0598, PI16/00617 Intensification Programs (Spanish Ministry of Health ISCIII) 2015-16, and RedinRen RD16/0009/0013. Microindentation techniques are supported in part by RETICEF, Instituto Carlos III (FEDER Funds).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Passeig Maritim 25-29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain

    M. J. Pérez-Sáez, M. Vera, D. Redondo-Pachón, M. Mir, M. Crespo & J. Pascual

  2. Institut Mar d’Investigacions Mediques, Barcelona, Spain

    M. J. Pérez-Sáez, S. Herrera, D. Prieto-Alhambra, L. Vilaplana, X. Nogués, M. Vera, D. Redondo-Pachón, M. Mir, R. Güerri, M. Crespo, A. Díez-Pérez & J. Pascual

  3. REDINREN, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

    M. J. Pérez-Sáez, D. Redondo-Pachón, M. Crespo & J. Pascual

  4. Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Passeig Maritim 25-29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain

    S. Herrera, L. Vilaplana, X. Nogués, R. Güerri & A. Díez-Pérez

  5. RETICEF, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

    S. Herrera, D. Prieto-Alhambra, L. Vilaplana, X. Nogués, R. Güerri & A. Díez-Pérez

  6. Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK

    D. Prieto-Alhambra

Authors
  1. M. J. Pérez-Sáez
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  2. S. Herrera
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  3. D. Prieto-Alhambra
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  4. L. Vilaplana
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  5. X. Nogués
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  6. M. Vera
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  7. D. Redondo-Pachón
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  8. M. Mir
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  9. R. Güerri
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  10. M. Crespo
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  11. A. Díez-Pérez
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  12. J. Pascual
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to A. Díez-Pérez or J. Pascual.

Ethics declarations

Written informed consent was obtained, and the Ethics Review Board in our institution approved the study protocol

Conflict of interest

Maria José Pérez-Sáez, Sabina Herrera, Laia Vilaplana, Xavier Nogués, Dolores Redondo-Pachón, Marisa Mir, Roberto Güerri, Marta Crespo, and Julio Pascual declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Daniel Prieto-Alhambra’s institutions have received research funding in the form of unrestricted research grants from AMGEN, BIOIBERICA, and Servier Laboratoires.

Adolfo Díez-Pérez is a shareholder of Active Life Scientific.

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Pérez-Sáez, M.J., Herrera, S., Prieto-Alhambra, D. et al. Bone density, microarchitecture, and material strength in chronic kidney disease patients at the time of kidney transplantation. Osteoporos Int 28, 2723–2727 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-4065-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-4065-5

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