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Cortical microstructure compensates for smaller bone size in young Caribbean Hispanic versus non-Hispanic white men

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Abstract

Summary

Hispanic men have smaller bone size but thicker and denser cortices compared to white men, leading to similar mechanical competence.

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to assess differences in vBMD and microarchitecture in young Caribbean Hispanic (n = 30) and non-Hispanic Caucasian (n = 30) men.

Methods

We measured areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at the spine, total hip (TH), femoral neck (FN), and forearm by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone geometry, mass, microarchitecture, and mechanical competence by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT), individual trabecula segmentation (ITS), and finite element analysis (FEA).

Results

Hispanic men were slightly older, shorter, and heavier and had higher BMI compared with white men. aBMD, measured by DXA, did not differ at the spine, TH, or forearm before or after adjustment for age, height, weight, and the interaction of height and weight. At the FN, marginally significant higher BMD in Hispanics prior to adjustment was attenuated and no longer differed after adjustment for covariates. Adjusted HRpQCT indices indicated smaller total and trabecular area at the radius but greater total volumetric density and cortical thickness in Hispanic versus white men. The adjusted difference in cortical density at the radius was of borderline significance. Trabecular and ITS microstructure tended not to differ at the radius. At the tibia, results were similar. Bone size tended to be smaller and covariate-adjusted cortical density and cortical thickness were greater in Hispanic versus white men. Additionally, cortical porosity was lower at the tibia in Hispanic compared to white men. Stiffness and failure load did not differ at either skeletal site by ethnicity.

Conclusion

In conclusion, greater cortical thickness and density as well as lower cortical porosity tend to compensate for smaller bone size in Hispanic men, leading to similar mechanical competence compared with white men.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    M. D. Walker, K. Nishiyama & T. L. Nickolas

  2. Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA

    A. Kepley

  3. Bone Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA

    B. Zhou & E. Guo

Authors
  1. M. D. Walker
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  2. A. Kepley
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  6. T. L. Nickolas
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. D. Walker.

Ethics declarations

All patients gave written, informed consent. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Columbia University Medical Center.

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This work was supported by internal funding.

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Walker, M.D., Kepley, A., Nishiyama, K. et al. Cortical microstructure compensates for smaller bone size in young Caribbean Hispanic versus non-Hispanic white men. Osteoporos Int 28, 2147–2154 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-4013-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-4013-4

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