Abstract
Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) is the hidden epidemic. Demographic studies have shown that women over the age of eighty are the fastest growing population segment in the United States and Canada. Over the next thirty years the rate of women who will seek treatment for POP will double. Risks for the development of POP have been categorized into factors that predispose, incite, promote, and decompensate. Connective tissue disorders may play a role in the pathogenesis which may involve a reduction in total collagen content secondary to increased collagenolytic activity. Eventually clinicians may be able to identify women who may be genetically predetermined to develop POP. The role of adjuvant materials in performing reconstructive pelvic surgery may improve success rates, but evidence based medicine and randomized controlled trials are currently lacking.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Van Meekeren J (1728) Heel- en geneeskonstige aenmerkingen. Alphen aan de Rijn: Stafleu 313–319
Subak LL, Waetjen LE, Van den Eaden S et al (2001) Cost of pelvic organ prolapse surgery in the United States. Obstet Gynecol 98:646–651
Olsen AL, Smith VJ, Bergstrom JO et al (1997) Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 89:501–506
Luber KM, Boero S, Choe JY(2001) The demographics of pelvic floor disorders: current observations and future projections. Am J Obstet Gynecol 184:1496–1501
Boyles SH, Weber AM, Meyn L (2003) Procedures for pelvic organ prolapse in the United States, 1979–1997. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188:108–115
Boyles SH, Weber AM, Meyn L (2003) Procedures for urinary incontinence in the United States, 1979–1997. Am J Obstet Gynecol 189:70–75
Swift SE (2000) The distribution of pelvic organ support in a population of female subjects seen for routine gynecologic health care. Am J Obstet Gynecol 183(2):277–285
Hendrix SL, Clark A, Nygaard I et al (2002) Pelvic organ prolapse in the Women’s Health Initiative: gravity and gravidity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 186(6):1160–1166
Burrows LJ, Meyn LA, Walters MD, Weber AM (2004) Pelvic symptoms in women with pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol 104:982–988
Chou Q, Weber AM, Piedmonte MR (2000) Clinical presentation of enterocele. Obstet Gynecol 96:599–603
Weber AM, Richter HE (2005) Pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol 106:615–634
Sze EH, Sherard GB 3rd, Dolezal JM (2002) Pregnancy, labor, delivery, and pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol 100:981–986
O’Boyle Amy L, Woodman Patrick J, O’Boyle John D, Davis Gary D, Swift Steven E (2002) Pelvic organ support in nulliparous pregnant and nonpregnant women: a case control study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 187:99–102
Strohbehn K, Jakary JA, Delancey JO (1997) Pelvic organ prolapse in young women. Obstet Gynecol 90(1):33–36
Lang JH, Zhu L, Sun ZJ, Chen J (2003) Estrogen levels and estrogen receptors in patients with stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 80(1):35–39
Carley ME, Schaffer J (2000) Urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in women with Marfan or Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 182(5):1021–1023
Jackson SR, Avery NC, Tarlton JF, Eckford SD, Abrams P, Bailey AJ (1996) Changes in metabolism of collagen in genitourinary prolapse. Lancet 347:1658–1661
Wong MY, Harmanli OH, Agar M, Dandolu V, Grody MH (2003) Collagen content of nonsupport tissue in pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 189(6):1597–1599 (discussion 1599–1600)
Chen BH, Wen Y, Li H, Polan ML (2002) Collagen metabolism and turnover in women with stress urinary incontinence and pelvic prolapse. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 13(2):80–87
Chen B, Wen Y, Polan ML (2004) Elastolytic activity in women with stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Neurourol Urodyn 23(2):119–126
Ozdegirmenci O, Karslioglu Y, Dede S, Karadeniz S, Haberal A, Gunhan O, Celasun B (2005) Smooth muscle fraction of the round ligament in women with pelvic organ prolapse: a computer-based morphometric analysis. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 16(1):39–43
Keane D, Sims TJ, Bailey AJ et al (1992) Analysis of pelvic floor electromyography and collagen status in pre-menopausal nulliparous females with genuine stress incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn 11:308–309
Keane DP, Sims TJ, Abrams P, Bailey AJ (1997) Analysis of collagen status in premenopausal nulliparous women with genuine stress incontinence. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 104(9):994–998 Sep
Kushner L, Mathrubutham M, Burney T, Greenwald R, Badlani G (2004) Excretion of collagen derived peptides is increased in women with stress urinary incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn 23(3):198–203
Chen Y, DeSautel M, Anderson A, Badlani G, Kushner L (2004) Collagen synthesis is not altered in women with stress urinary incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn 23(4):367–373
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Drutz, H.P., Alarab, M. Pelvic organ prolapse: demographics and future growth prospects. Int Urogynecol J 17 (Suppl 1), 6–9 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-006-0102-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-006-0102-1