Abstract
With the rapid deployment of the third-generation satellites of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3), Wuhan University (WHU) has incorporated BDS-3 satellites to its routine Multi-GNSS analysis since Day of Year 1, 2019. This article summarizes the processing strategy and presents the validation results of the WHU BDS-3 orbit and clock solutions submitted to the International GNSS Service Multi-GNSS Experiment in 2019. Although more than 200 stations with B1I and B3I signals tracking capability can be used for BDS-3 precise orbit determination, the number of tracking stations for different satellites diverges greatly; in general, more stations track those launched early and less those deployed late. The validations with orbit boundary misclosures, orbit differences with respect to BDS-3 products of GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) residuals show that the orbits are affected by the number of tracking stations and the deficiency of dynamic models. To overcome the latter, an a priori solar radiation pressure (SRP) model has been proposed considering the Earth albedo and antenna thrust. The SLR validation shows that the new SRP model significantly improves the orbit from 5 to 7 cm to about 3 to 4 cm by reducing the Sun-elongation-angle-dependent errors of the BDS-3 orbits. Besides, the clock products have been compared with those of GFZ, and the root-mean-square (RMS) of clock linear fit is also analyzed. Noticeable different quality has been shown for Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standard and Passive Hydrogen Maser (PHM) clocks. The Sun-elevation-angle-dependent patterns are identified in PHM clocks, and the RMS of clock linear fit of PHM clocks can be reduced with improved dynamic modeling, particularly in eclipse seasons.
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Data availability
The BDS-3 tracking data are publicly available from IGS data centers, e.g., at the ftp site: ftp://cddis.gsfc.nasa.gov, where the SLR tracking data are also available. The WUM orbit and clock can be publicly assessed from IGS data centers. The reprocessed BDS-3 solutions are available upon request.
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Acknowledgements
This study is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41974035), Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (2018QNRC001), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M710478) and National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1503601). The IGS and iGMAS are greatly acknowledged for providing the Multi-GNSS products. We also thank the ILRS for providing laser ranging observations. We are grateful to the constructive comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript from Prof. Urs Hugentobler and three anonymous reviewers.
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JG worked on WUM processing, conceptualization, software, writing—original draft. CW performed SRP modeling—writing, review and editing. XX contributed to data reprocessing—review and editing. GC was involved in writing—review and editing. QZ helped in software and revision.
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Guo, J., Wang, C., Chen, G. et al. BDS-3 precise orbit and clock solution at Wuhan University: status and improvement. J Geod 97, 15 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-023-01705-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-023-01705-5