Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Detection of station coordinate discontinuities within the Italian GPS Fiducial Network

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Geodesy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Detection Identification Adaptation (DIA) procedure was applied to the coordinate time-series of some permanent GPS stations belonging to the Italian GPS Fiducial Network (IGFN), of the Italian Space Agency (ASI), to detect discontinuities and to reject outliers. The daily solutions of the stations of Cagliari, Genoa, Medicina, Noto, Turin, Perugia and Venice were computed for the period 1997.0–2003.0 using Bernese GPS software v.4.2. The data were interpolated using a model with a linear term and an annual periodic term. The parameters were estimated by least squares. The DIA procedure was organized to automatically detect discontinuities and outliers. Approximately, 70% of the discontinuities present in the coordinate time-series were identified and their magnitudes were estimated. The identified discontinuities are basically caused by equipment replacement and reference frame changes, but in a few cases the reason is still unknown. With regard to the outliers, roughly 6% of the data were rejected. These data were considered outliers on the base of the level of significance and of the power of the test adopted in this work. Except for the stations of Perugia and Venice, the estimated coordinates agree with ITRF2000 values at the 10 mm level, and the estimated velocities are within a few mm/year of the ITRF2000 values.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agnew DC (1992) The time-domain behavior of power law noise. Geophys Res Lett 19(4):333–336

    Google Scholar 

  • Altamimi Z, Sillard P, Boucher C (2002) ITRF2000: a new release of the international terrestrial reference frame for earth science applications. J Geophys Res 107(B10):2214, doi:10.1029/2001JB000561

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baarda W (1968) A testing procedure for use in geodetic networks. Publications on Geodesy, New Series, vol. 2, no. 5. Netherlands Geodetic Commission, Delft

  • Beutler G, Rothacher M, Schaer S, Springer TA, Kouba J, Neilan RE (1999) The international GPS service (IGS): an interdisciplinary service in support of earth sciences. Adv Space Res 23(4):631–653

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blewitt G (1998) GPS data processing methodology. In: Teunissen PJG, Kleusberg A (eds) GPS for Geodesy. 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 231–270

    Google Scholar 

  • Blewitt G, Lavallée D (2002) Effect of annual signals on geodetic velocity. J Geophys Res 107(B7), doi 10.1029/2001JB000570

  • Boucher C, Altamimi Z (1996) International terrestrial reference Frame. GPS World 7(9):71–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Boucher C, Altamimi Z, Sillard P, Feissel-Vernier M (2003) The ITRF2000. IERS Technical Note 31. Verlag des Bundesamts für Kartographie und Geodäsie, Frankfurt am Main

  • Bruyninx C, Becker, Stangl G (2001) Regional densification of the IGS in Europe using the EUREF permanent GPS network (EPN). Phys Chem Earth 26A(6–8):531–538

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruyninx C, Carpentier G, Roosbeek F (2003) EPN monitoring: status and plans. In: Torres J, Hornik H (eds) EUREF publication no. 12, Frankfurt am Main, pp 32–42

  • Bruyninx C, Carpentier G, Roosbeek F (2004a) Today’s EPN and its network coordination. Mitteilungen des BKG Band 33, EUREF Publication No. 13, Frankfurt am Main, pp 38–49

  • Bruyninx C, Carpentier G, Roosbeek F (2004b) Detection and handling of EPN station irregularities. In: Procedings of the IGS symposium and workshop, March, Bern

  • Caporali A (2003) Average strain rate in the Italian crust inferred from a permanent GPS network – I. Statistical analysis of the time-series of permanent GPS stations. Geophys J Int 155(1):241–253

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich R, Dach R, Engelhardt G, Ihde J, Korth W, Kutterer HJ, Lindner K, Mayer M, Menge F, Miller H, Müller C, Neimeier W, Perlt J, Pohl M, Salbach H, Schenke HW, Schöne T, Seeber G, Veit A, Völksen C (2001) ITRF coordinates and plate velocities from repeated GPS campaigns in Antartica – an analysis based on different individual solutions. J Geod 74(11–12):756–766

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Estey LH, Meertens CM (1999) TEQC: The multi-purpose toolkit for GPS/GLONASS data. GPS Solut 3(1):42–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hefty J (2001) The permanent Modra-Piesok GPS station Modra-Piesok and its long-term and short-term stability. Slovak J Civil Eng IX(1–2)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hugentobler U, Schaer S, Fridez P (2001) Bernese GPS Software Version 4.2, Software manual. Astronomical Institute, University of Berne, Berne

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson JM, Davis JL, Scherneck HG, Milne GA, Vermeer M, Mitrovica JX, Bennett RA, Jonsson B, Elgered G, Elosegui P, Koivula H, Poutanen M, Ronnang B, Shapiro II (2002) Continuous GPS measurements of postglacial adjustments in Fennoscandia – 1. Geodetic results. J Geophys Res. 107(B8): 2157

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenyeres A, Bosy J, Brockmann E, Bruyninx C, Caporali A, Hefty J, Jivall L, Kosters A, Poutanen M, Fernandes R, Stangl G (2002) EPN special project on time series analysis: preliminary results and future prospects. In: Torres J, Hornik H (eds) EUREF publication no. 10, Frankfurt am Main, pp 72–75

  • Kleijer F (2002) Time-series-analysis of the daily solutions of the AGRS.NL reference stations. In: Drewes P, Dodson A, Fortes LP, Sanchez L, Sandoval P (eds) Vertical reference systems. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 60–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Kouba J (2002) The GPS toolbox ITRF transformations. GPS Solut 5(3):88–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langbein J, Johnson H (1997) Correlated errors in geodetic time-series: implications for time-dependent deformation. J Geophys Res 102(B1):591–604, doi:10.1029/96JB02945

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mao A, Harrison CGA, Dixon T (1999) Noise in GPS time-series. J Geophys Res 104(B2):2797–2816, doi:10.1029/1998JB900033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy DD, Petit G (2004) IERS conventions, IERS technical note 32. Verlag des Bundesamts für Kartographie und Geodäsie, Frankfurt am Main

  • Mervart L (1995) Ambiguity resolution techniques in geodetic and geodynamic applications of the global positioning system. vol 53 of Geodatisch-geophysikalische Arbeiten in der Schweiz, Schweizerische Geodatische Kommission, Ph.D. thesis

  • Miyazaki S, McGuire1 JJ, Segall P (2003) A transient subduction zone slip episode in southwest Japan observed by the nationwide GPS array. J Geophys Res 108(B2):2087, doi:10.1029/2001JB000456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Niell AE (1996) Global mapping functions for the atmosphere delay at radio wavelengths. J Geophys Res 101(B2):3227–3246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nocquet JM, Calais E, Altamimi Z, Boucher C (2001) Intraplate deformation in western Europe deduced from an analysis of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 1997 (ITRF97) velocity field. J Geophys Res 106(B6):11239–11257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ray J, Dong D, Altamimi Z (2004) IGS reference frames: status and future improvements. In: Procedings of international GPS service – workshop and symposium, pp 37–64

  • Riguzzi F, Zanutta A (1998) Displacement field of the Italian area from permanent GPS stations. Annali di geofisica 41(2):233–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Sillard P, Altamimi Z, Boucher C (1998) The ITRF96 realization and its associated velocity field. Geophys Res Lett 25(17):3223–3226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takacs B, Bruyninx C (2001) Quality checking the raw data of the EUREF permanent network. EUREF publication no. 10, Mitteilungen des Bundesamtes für Kartographie und Geodäsie Band 23, EUREF Symposium Dubrovnik, Croatia, May 16–18, pp 53–61

  • Teunissen PJG (1990) Non-linear least squares. Manuscr Geod 15(3):137–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Teunissen PJG (1991) An integrity and quality control procedure for use in multi sensor integration. In: Procedings of ION GPS-90, Colorado Springs, 19–21 September: pp 513–522

  • Teunissen PJG (1998) Quality control and GPS. In: Teunissen PJG, Kleusberg A (eds) GPS for Geodesy, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 271–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Teunissen PJG (2000) Testing theory: an introduction. Series on mathematical geodesy and positioning. Delft University Press, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  • Tregoning P, van Dam T (2005) Effects of atmospheric pressure loading and seven-parameter transformations on estimates of geocenter motion and station heights from space geodetic observations. J Geophys Res 110: B03408, doi:10.1029/2004JB003334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Dam T, Wahr J, Milly PCD, Shmakin AB, Blewitt G, Lavallee D, Larson KM (2001) Crustal displacements due to continental water loading. Geophys Res Lett 28(7):651– 654

    Google Scholar 

  • Vespe F, Bianco G, Fermi M, Ferraro C, Nardi A, Sciarretta C (2000) The Italian GPS fiducial network: services and products. J Geodyn 30(3):327–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wessel P, Smith WHF (1998) New improved version of generic mapping tools released. EOS Trans Amer Geophys Union 79(47):579

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams SDP (2003a) The effect of coloured noise on the uncertainties of rates estimated from geodetic time-series. J Geod 76(9–10):486–494

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams SDP (2003b) Offsets in global positioning system time series. J Geophys Res 108(B6):2310, doi:10.1029/2002JB002156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams SDP, Bock Y, Fang P, Jamason P, Nikolaidis RM, Prawirodirdjo L, Miller M, Johnson DJ (2004) Error analysis of continuous GPS position time series. J Geophys Res 109(B3):B03412, doi:10.1029/2003JB002741

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Bock Y, Johnson H, Fang P, Williams S, Genrich J, Wdowinski S, Behr J (1997) Southern California permanent GPS geodetic array: error analysis of daily position estimates and site velocities. J Geophys Res 102(B8):18035–18055

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engineering Department in Ferrara (ENDIF), Università degli Studi di Ferrara, via G. Saragat 1, 44100, Ferrara, Italy

    Nicola Perfetti

Authors
  1. Nicola Perfetti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nicola Perfetti.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Perfetti, N. Detection of station coordinate discontinuities within the Italian GPS Fiducial Network. J Geodesy 80, 381–396 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-006-0080-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-006-0080-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation