Abstract
The lightweight of aerospace equipment has urgent demand for the large-scale reinforced wall structure with higher strength and toughness. In this research, the isothermal local loading forming (ILLF) process was proposed to decrease the extremely larger forming load and promote the material filling at rib locations. A typical rib-web component with two cross ribs was investigated and the experiment setup was designed to fabricate it under three loading modes (two new local loading modes and one conventional integral loading mode). The parallel finite element (FE) models were established and verified by comparing the experimental points and simulation curve. The material filling effect and forming load were compared under three loading mode, and the Lode parameter together with hydrostatic pressure was applied to analyze these differences during the deformation processes. Based on the principle of more uniform equivalent strain and larger filling rate, the best loading mode was determined and its corresponding process parameters were optimized.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and materials
The data sets supporting the results of this article are included within the article and its additional files.
References
Wang LF, Mostaed E, Cao XQ, Huang GS, Fabrizi A, Bonollo F, Chi CZ, Vedani M (2016) Effects of texture and grain size on mechanical properties of AZ80 magnesium alloys at lower temperatures. Mater Des 89:1–8
Yan ZM, Zhang ZM, Li XB, Xu J, Xue Y (2020) A novel severe plastic deformation method and its effect on microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy. J Alloys Compd 822:153698
Zhang XN, Lin H, Liu YX (2012) FE simulation and experimental investigation of ZK60 magnesium alloy with different radial diameters processed by equal channel angular pressing. Mater Sci Eng A 535:153–163
Li JQ, Liu J, Cui ZS (2014) Characterization of hot deformation behavior of extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy using 3D processing maps. Mater Des 56:889–897
Slooff FA, Dzwonczyk JS, Zhou J, Duszczyk J, Katgerman L (2010) Hot workability analysis of extruded AZ magnesium alloys with processing maps. Mater Sci Eng A 527(3):735–744
Yang YQ, Li BC, Zhang ZM (2009) Flow stress of wrought magnesium alloys during hot compression deformation at medium and high temperatures. Mater Sci Eng A 499(1–2):238–241
Yang H, Fan XG, Sun ZC, Guo LG, Zhan M (2011) Recent developments in plastic forming technology of titanium alloys. SCIENCE CHINA Technol Sci 54(2):490–501
Kleiner M, Geiger M, Klaus A (2003) Manufacturing of lightweight components by metal forming. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 52(2):521–542
Sun ZC, He Y, Sun NG (2012) Effects of parameters on inhomogeneous deformation and damage in isothermal local loading forming of Ti-alloy component. J Mater Eng Perform 21(3):313–323
Gao PF, Li XD, Yang H, Fan XG, Lei ZN (2017) Improving the process forming limit considering forming defects in the transitional region in local loading forming of Ti-alloy rib-web components. Chin J Aeronaut 30(3):1270–1280
Gao PF, Liu ZF, Lei ZN (2017) Deformation characteristics of transitional region during local loading forming of Ti-alloy rib-web component on the double-action press. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 93(1–4):1–11
Gao PF, Yang H, Fan XG, Lei PH (2015) Quick prediction of the folding defect in transitional region during isothermal local loading forming of titanium alloy large-scale rib-web component based on folding index. J Mater Process Technol 219:101–111
Wei K, Zhan M, Fan XG, Yang H, Gao PF, Meng M (2018) Unequal-thickness billet optimization in transitional region during isothermal local loading forming of Ti-alloy rib-web component using response surface method. Chin J Aeronaut 31(4):233–247
Wei K, Yang H, Fan XG, Gao PF (2015) Unequal thickness billet design for large-scale titanium alloy rib-web components under isothermal closed-die forging. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 81(5–8):729–744
Wei K, Fan XG, Zhan M, Zeng X, Jiang XQ (2018) Uncertainty analysis and multi-objective billet robust optimization for transitional region of multi-rib component under isothermal local loading forming. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 97:1165–1179
Wei K, Ma Q, Wang GC, Fan XG (2020) Exploration of the material transfer effect in local loading forming of ultra-large-size integrated component with multi-rib. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 108(5):1413–1427
Yan LU, Fu XU, Xue K, Shan D, Wang Z, Yi XU, Kong X, Zhao Y, Hao N (2000) Isothermal precision forming of magnesium alloy upper housing. J Harbin Inst Technol 2000(4):127–129
Cai Y, Sun CY, Wang WR, Li YL, Wan L, Qian LY (2018) An isothermal forming process with multi-stage variable speed for magnesium component assisted by sensitivity analysis. Mater Sci Eng A 729:9–20
Sun CY, Xiang Y, Fu MW, Sun ZH, Wang MQ, Yang J (2016) The combined lateral and axial extrusion process of a branched component with two asymmetrically radial features. Mater Des 111:492–503
Liu J, Cui ZS (2009) Hot forging process design and parameters determination of magnesium alloy AZ31B spur bevel gear. J Mater Process Technol 209(18–19):5871–5880
Lu SQ, Li X, Liu SB (2014) A new method for simulation and prrdicting dynamic recrystallization in metal forging. Acta Metall 50(9):1128–1136
Cai Y, Sun CY, Wan L, Yang DJ, Zhou QJ, Su ZX (2016) Study on the dynamic recrystallization softening behavior of AZ80 magnesium alloy. Acta Metall Sin (Engl Lett) 52(9):1123–1132
Funding
Authors acknowledge the funding supported by NSAF (No. U1730121), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51805023), Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (No. 3182025), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. FRF-BD-20-08A, FRF-TP-20-009A2).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Xintong Li: methodology, software, data curation, writing—reviewing and editing
Lingyun Qian: conceptualization, methodology, writing—reviewing and editing
Chaoyang Sun: conceptualization, methodology, writing—reviewing and editing
Weipeng Ning: investigation, validation, experiment
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
All the people and organizations involved agreed to participate.
Consent to publish
All the people and organizations involved agreed to publish this article.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, X., Qian, L., Sun, C. et al. The effect of loading mode on isothermal local loading forming of magnesium alloy rib-web component. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 114, 2485–2497 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-06956-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-06956-0