Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The characteristics and reduction of porosity in high-power laser welds of thick AISI 304 plate

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The porosity produced in the 304 stainless steel laser welds was investigated. The laser welding process was conducted at a laser power of 10 kW. Different welding speeds and shielding gases were used. The porosity in the welds was characterized. The welding processes were observed using a high-speed video camera. The mechanism of the elimination of the porosity was revealed. The suppression of the porosity was made in N2 rather than Ar or He shielding gases. The porosity was mainly produced at the root and most of the porosity was less than 0.02 mm3. No significant differences of the metallic plume, liquid melt pool, and laser keyhole were found when Ar or N2 shielding gas was employed. The solubility of N2 in the liquid melt pool contributed to the reduction or elimination of the porosity in the 304-L laser welds.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zhang M, Chen G, Zhou Y, Liao S (2014) Optimization of deep penetration laser welding of thick stainless steel with a 10 kW fiber laser. Mater Des 53:568–576

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Shen X, Li L, Guo W, Teng W, He W (2016) Comparison of processing window and porosity distribution in laser welding of 10mm thick 30CrMnSiA ultrahigh strength between flat (1G) and horizontal (2G) positions. J Laser Appl 28:022418/1–022418/9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Atabaki M, Yazdian N, Ma J, Kovacevic R (2016) High power laser welding of thick steel plates in a horizontal butt joint configuration. Opt Laser Technol 83:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Beretta S, Previtali B (2009) Estimate of maximum pore size in keyhole laser welding of carbon steel. Sci Technol Weld Join 14:106–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Tsukamoto S (2011) High speed imaging technique part 2-high speed imaging of power beam welding phenomena. Sci Technol Weld Join 16:44–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ola O, Doern F (2015) Keyhole-induced porosity in laser-arc hybrid welded aluminum. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 80:3–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Matsunawa A (2001) Problems and solutions in deep penetration laser welding. Sci Technol Weld Join 6:351–354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kawahito Y, Mizutani M, Katayama S (2009) High quality welding of stainless steel with 10 kW high power fiber laser. Sci Technol Weld Join 14:288–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhao H, Niu W, Zhang B, Lei Y, Kodama M, Ishide T (2011) Modeling of keyhole dynamics and porosity formation considering the adaptive keyhole shape and three-phase coupling during deep-penetration laser welding. J Phys D Appl Phys 44:485302/1–485302/13

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kuo T, Jeng S (2005) Porosity reduction in Nd-YAG laser welding of stainless steel and inconel alloy by using a pulsed wave. J Phys D Appl Phys 38:722–728

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Harooni M, Carlson B, Strohmeier B, Kovacevic R (2014) Pore formation mechanism and its mitigation in laser welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy in lap joint configuration. Mater Des 58:265–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kamimuki K, Inoue T, Yasuda K, Muro M, Nakabayashi T, Matsunawa A (2002) Prevention of welding defect by side gas flow and its monitoring method in continuous wave Nd: YAG laser welding. J. Laser Appl. 14:136–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Meng W, Li Z, Huang J, Wu Y, Katayama S (2014) The influence of various factors on the geometric profile of laser lap welded T-joints. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 74:1625–1636

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Li K, Lu F, Cui H, Li X, Tang X, Li Z (2015) Investigation on the effects of shielding gas on porosity in fiber laser welding of T-joint steels. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 77:1881–1888

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Sun J, Feng K, Zhang K, Guo B, Jiang E, Nie P, Li Z (2017) Fiber laser welding of thick AISI 304 plate in a horizontal (2G) butt joint configuration. Mater Des 118:53–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Wei P, Chao T (2015) The effects of entrainment on pore shape in keyhole mode welding. J Heat Trans 137:082102/1–082102/9

    Google Scholar 

  17. Tucker J, Nolan T, Martin A, Young G (2012) Effect of travel speed and beam focus on porosity in alloy 690 laser welds. J Miner Met Mater Soc (JOM) 64:1409–1417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Katayama S, Mizutani M, Matsunawa A (2003) Development of porosity prevention procedures during laser welding. Proc SPIE 4331:281–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Elmer J, Vaja J, Carlton H, Pong R (2015) The effect of Ar and N2 shielding gas on laser weld porosity in steel, stainless steels, and nickel. Weld J 94:313–325

    Google Scholar 

  20. Pang S, Chen X, Shao X, Gong S, Xiao J (2016) Dynamics of vapor plume in transient keyhole during laser welding of stainless steel: local evaporation, plume swing and gas entrapment into porosity. Opt Laser Technol 82:28–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Li Z, Mukai K, Zeze M, Mills K (2005) Determination of the surface tension of liquid stainless steel. J Mater Sci 40:2191–2195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Dischino A, Kenny J, Mecozzi M, Barteri M (2000) Development of high nitrogen, low nickel, 18%Cr austenitic stainless steels. J Mater Sci 35:43803–43808

    Google Scholar 

  23. Lai R, Cai Y, Wu Y, Li F, Hua X (2016) Influence of absorbed nitrogen on microstructure and corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel joint processed by fiber laser welding. J Mater Process Tech 231:397–405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Keskitalo M, Mantyjarvi K, Sundqvist J, Powell J, Kaplan A (2016) Laser welding of duplex stainless steel with nitrogen as shielding gas. J Mater Process Tech 216:381–384

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Junhao Sun, Pulin Nie, Fenggui Lu, Jian Huang, Kai Feng & Zhuguo Li

  2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Junhao Sun, Pulin Nie, Fenggui Lu, Jian Huang, Kai Feng & Zhuguo Li

  3. Shanghai No. 1 Machine Tool Works Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201308, China

    Baochao Guo & En Jiang

  4. Air Liquide (China) R&D Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200233, China

    Wang Zhang

Authors
  1. Junhao Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pulin Nie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fenggui Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jian Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kai Feng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Zhuguo Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Baochao Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. En Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Wang Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Pulin Nie, Kai Feng or Zhuguo Li.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sun, J., Nie, P., Lu, F. et al. The characteristics and reduction of porosity in high-power laser welds of thick AISI 304 plate. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 93, 3517–3530 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-0734-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-0734-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation