Abstract
Friction stir processing (FSP) is a solid-state processing technique that has unique capabilities like low amount of heat generated, extensive plastic flow of material, achieving very fine microstructure in the stirred region and healing of flaws and casting porosity. FSP offers the ability to locally tailor properties within a structure. It is a method for modifying the mechanical properties of surfaces by means of stirring action of the tool moving against the surface of the material whose properties need to be modified. In this research work, an attempt has been made to investigate the enhancement in the mechanical properties on the surface of magnesium-based metal matrix composites manufactured through stir casting. Silicon carbide (SiC) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) with a particle size of 20 μm of 5 wt% were used as hybrid reinforcing agent in magnesium matrix material for the composite manufacture. FSP has been done on the surface of the composites to refine the grain sizes of the proposed composite materials. Microstructural studies have been carried out to investigate the grain size variations and observed an appreciable refinement in the grain size from 84 to 7 μm. Three different tool rotation speeds and three different linear movements of the tool were considered as the process parameters. From the experimental outcomes, optimum process parameters were obtained for achieving the fine grain size along with improved hardness values, tensile properties and wear property of the proposed composite material.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rajiv S. Mishra, Murray W. Mahoney (2007) Friction stir welding and processing, ASM International
Devaraju A, Kumar A, Kotiveerachari B (2013) Influence of addition of Gr/Al2O3 with SiC on wear properties of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 hybrid composites via friction stir processing. Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China 23(5):1275–1280. doi:10.1016/S1003-6326(13)62593-5
Thakur SK, Balasubramanian K, Gupta M (2007) Microwave synthesis and characterization of magnesium based composites containing nanosized SiC and hybrid (SiC + Al2O3) reinforcements. J Eng Mater Technol 129(2):194–199
Handbook magnesium die casting (1998) NADACA, New York, USA
Clyne TW, Withers PJ (1995) An introduction to metal matrix composites. Cambridge University Press
Ye HZ, Liu XY (2004) Review of recent studies in magnesium matrix composites. J of Mater Sci 39(20):6153–6171. doi:10.1023/B:JMSC.0000043583.47148.31
Saravanan RA, Surappa MK (2000) Fabrication and characterization of pure magnesium-30 vol.% SiC P particle composite. Mater. Sci. and Engg: A 276(1):108–116. doi:10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00498-0
Zhang X (2015) Microstructure and tensile properties of Mg (AM60)/Al2O3 metal matrix composites with varying volume fractions of reinforcement. J of Mater Eng and Perf 24(12):4601–4611. doi:10.1007/s11665-015-1772-y
Sato YS, Park SH, Matsunaga A, Honda A, Kokawa H (2005) Novel production for highly formable Mg alloy plate. J of Matr Sci 40(3):637–642. doi:10.1007/s10853-005-6301-1
Cavaliere P, De Marco PP (2007) Fatigue behaviour of friction stir processed AZ91 magnesium alloy produced by high pressure die casting. Mater Characterization 58(3):226–232. doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2006.04.025
Mishra RS, Ma ZY, Charit I (2003) Friction stir processing: a novel technique for fabrication of surface composite. Mater Sci and Eng: A 341(1):307–310. doi:10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00199-5
Morisada Y, Fujii H, Nagaoka T, Fukusumi M (2006) Effect of friction stir processing with SiC particles on microstructure and hardness of AZ31. Mater Sci and Eng: A 433(1):50–54. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2006.06.089
Feng AH, Ma ZY (2007) Enhanced mechanical properties of Mg–Al–Zn cast alloy via friction stir processing. Scr Mater 56(5):397–400. doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.10.035
Arsenault RJ, Shi N (1986) Dislocation generation due to differences between the coefficients of thermal expansion. Mater Sci Eng 81:175–187. doi:10.1016/0025-5416(86)90261-2
Kočović V, Mitrović S, Mihajlović G, Mijatović M, Bogdanović B, Vukelić Đ, Tadić B (2015) Applications of friction stir processing during engraving of soft materials. Tribology in Industry 37(4):434–439
Yadav D, Bauri R (2012) Effect of friction stir processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium. Mater Sci Eng A 539:85–92. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2012.01.055
Yuvaraj N, Aravindan S, Vipin (2015) Fabrication of Al5083/B4C surface composite by friction stir processing and its tribological characterization. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 4(4):398–410. doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2015.02.006
Ma ZY (2008) Friction stir processing technology: a review, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society And ASM International 2008. Metall Mater Trans A 39A:642–658. doi:10.1007/s11661-007-9459-0
Sharma V, Ujjwal P, Manoj Kumar BV (2015) Surface composites by friction stir processing: a review. J Mater Process Technol 224:117–134. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.04.019
Zhao Y, Huang X, Li Q, Huang J, Yan K (2015) Effect of friction stir processing with B4C particles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 78:1437–1443. doi:10.1007/s00170-014-6748-9
Hussain G, Hashemi R, Hashemi H, Al-Ghamdi KA (2016) An experimental study on multi-pass friction stir processing of Al/TiN composite: some microstructural, mechanical, and wear characteristics. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 84:533–546. doi:10.1007/s00170-015-7504-5
Eskandari H, Taheri R, Khodabakhshi F (2016) Friction-stir processing of an AA8026-TiB2-Al2O3 hybrid nanocomposite: microstructural developments and mechanical properties. Materials Science & Engineering A 660:84–96. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2016.02.081
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Arokiasamy, S., Anand Ronald, B. Experimental investigations on the enhancement of mechanical properties of magnesium-based hybrid metal matrix composites through friction stir processing. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 93, 493–503 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-0221-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-0221-5