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Study on governing parameters of thermal history during underwater friction stir welding

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Abstract

Underwater friction stir welding (FSW) could widely extend the submarine applications of solid-state welding methods. Since, in the case of underwater FSW, the temperature field exhibits profound effects on the acquired weld properties, studying the corresponding governing parameters is of high priority. With this end in view, in order to explicate the heat generated by the FSW tool, the applied forces on the FSW tool, as the unknown parameters in the heat generation equation, are obtained. Subsequently, the heat transfer of the surrounding fluid, which dictates the heat transfer through the workpiece is investigated. The results reveal that upon comparison to FSW in air medium, both translational and axial forces considerably increase leading to greater heat generated by the underwater FSW tool. However, the peak temperature in each point during underwater welding declines dramatically (40 %) compared to the in-air welding, which can be attributed to the extreme boiling heat transfer of water on both the workpiece and FSW tool. This behavior may be the main reason for the acquired mechanical properties of the underwater-welded AA7075-T6 plates as a precipitating hardening alloy. The mentioned heat transfer is non-uniform over the workpiece and comprises different types including nucleation and transition boiling as well as free convection. Furthermore, the study of the mechanical characteristics revealed that underwater welding leads to joints with more strength and lower ductility compared to those obtained by in-air welding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Hangam Street, Tehran, Iran

    Hossein Papahn, Pouya Bahemmat & Mohammad Haghpanahi

  2. Joining and Welding Department, ASA Engineering Group (Engineering Company of Asr Sanat Ala), Tehran, Iran

    Pouya Bahemmat

  3. Institute for Material Science and Welding, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Materials Modelling and Simulation, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria

    Christof Sommitsch

Authors
  1. Hossein Papahn
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  2. Pouya Bahemmat
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  3. Mohammad Haghpanahi
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  4. Christof Sommitsch
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pouya Bahemmat.

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Papahn, H., Bahemmat, P., Haghpanahi, M. et al. Study on governing parameters of thermal history during underwater friction stir welding. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 78, 1101–1111 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-6615-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-6615-8

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