Abstract
The effects of warm rolling parameters on the final microstructure and mechanical properties of a low-carbon steel were investigated. In doing so, the steel strips were pre-heated at various temperatures and rolled at different reductions and rolling speeds. Then, microstructural studies were performed and, also, the mechanical properties of the rolled samples were measured by tensile and hardness testing. An optimum rolling program was determined with the aids of experimental results and a mathematical model based on the finite element method (FEM) developed for the warm rolling conditions. The results show that, at high temperatures and low rolling speeds, the roll forces are reduced; however, the possibility of strain inhomogeneity and non-uniformity in the grain size distribution are increased. On the other hand, at very low temperatures, the roll force increases sharply. For the case of the employed steel, a temperature between 550–700°C and a rolling speed of 55–70 (rpm) are found to be the suitable rolling conditions for producing warm-rolled steels with uniform and fine-grain structures.
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Abbreviations
- A c :
-
Contact area
- c w :
-
Specific heat of the rolling metal
- c R :
-
Specific heat of the work-roll
- h ∞ :
-
Surrounding heat transfer coefficient
- h con :
-
Interface heat transfer coefficient
- hc :
-
Convection heat transfer coefficient
- k w :
-
Slab thermal conductivity
- k R :
-
Work-roll thermal conductivity
- k s :
-
Shear yield stress
- m :
-
Sticking friction factor
- \({\mathop q\limits^. }\) :
-
Rate of heat of deformation
- q fric :
-
Heat generated by friction
- R :
-
Gas constant
- T :
-
Temperature
- T R :
-
Work-roll surface temperature
- T s :
-
Slab surface temperature
- t :
-
Time
- W i :
-
Weighting function
- δt :
-
Time step
- Δε :
-
Strain increment
- ε :
-
Strain in plastic deformation analysis
- \(\overline{{{\mathop \varepsilon \limits^. }}} \) :
-
Effective strain rate
- \({\mathop \varepsilon \limits^. }_{{\text{v}}} \) :
-
Volume strain rate
- ρ R :
-
Work-roll density
- ρ w :
-
Slab density
- ρ d :
-
Dislocation density
- \(\overline{\sigma } \) :
-
Effective stress
- σ 0 :
-
Initial flow stress
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Serajzadeh, S., Mohammadzadeh, M. Effects of deformation parameters on the final microstructure and mechanical properties in warm rolling of a low-carbon steel. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 34, 262–269 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-006-0594-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-006-0594-3