Abstract
This paper proposes a translation, rotation, and template-free automated visual inspection scheme that detects microdrill defects using the eigenvalues of covariance matrices. We first derived the colour images of microdrills and extracted the boundary of the first facets. Then, the smaller eigenvalues of the covariance matrices of given regions of support were calculated for boundary representation, and they were thresholded to separate the boundaries into segments. The least square linear regression method was used to fit the segments into linear equations. Eventually, the defects were detected by three inspection rules that measure five features of microdrills including: gap distance, parallel, and enclosed angles, accordingly. The proposed scheme was implemented in C++ with a graphical user interface environment. Fifteen microdrills, digitized without alignment, were used to verify the proposed inspection process. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme reliably achieves the inspection of microdrills.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chin RT, Harlow CA (1982) Automated visual inspection: A survey. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 4(6):557–573
Gonzalez RC, Woods RE (1992) Digital Image Processing, Addison
Gille G, Szesny B, Dreyer K, van den Berg H, Schmidt J, Gestrich T, Leitner G (2002) Submicron and ultrafine grained hardmetals for microdrills and metal cutting inserts, Int J Refractory Metals Hard Mater 20:3–22
Hazra L, Nakamura R, Kuroda, T, Kato H, Tsuchiya Y, Sakuma I (1996) Assessment of drill point geometry by genetic algorithm and steepest gradient method. Ann Proc Am Soc Prec Eng 14:172–175
Hazra L, Kato H, Kiryu T, Hashimoto Y, Kuroda T, Tsuchiya Y, Sakuma I (2002) Inspection of reground drill point geometry using three silhouette images, J Mater Process Technol 127:169–173
Hinds BK, Treanor GM (2000) Analysis of stresses in micro-drills using the finite elements method, Int J Mach Tools Manuf 40:1443–1456
Kuang CC (2000) Intelligent microdrill inspection system, Master Thesis, National Taiwan University of Technology
Lahajnar F, Bernard R, Pernus F, Kovacic S (2002) Machine vision system for inspecting electric plates, Comput Ind 47:113–122
Lee HK, Yoo SI (1999) A method for inspection of ball bonds in integrated circuits: IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 2, pp. 975–980
Malamas E, Petrakis GM, Zervakis M, Petit L, Legat J-D (2003) A survey on industrial vision systems, applications and tools, Image Vis Computing 21:171–188
Newman TS, Jain AK (1995) A survey of automated visual inspection, Comput Vis Image Underst 61:231–262
Pandya AS, Macy RB (1996) Pattern recognition with neural networks in C++, CRC Press, FL, USA
Sanby C, Norton-Wayn LE, Harwood R (1995) The automated inspection of lace using machine vision, Mechatronics 5:215–231
Shaw M (1989) Metal Cutting Principles, Clarendon Press, Oxford
Thomas ADH, Rodd MG, Holt JD, Neill CJ (1995) Real-time industrial visual inspection: a review, Real-Time Image 1:139–158
Tsai D-M, Hou H-T, Su H-J (1999) Boundary-based corner detection using eigenvalues of covariance matrices, Pattern Recognit Lett 20:31–40
Wu WY, Wang MJ, Liu CM (1996) Automated inspection of printed circuit boards through machine vision, Comput Ind 28:103–111
Wang MJ, Wu WY, HSU CC (2002) Automated post bonding inspection by using machine vision techniques, Int J Prod Res 40(12):2835–2848
Yeh CH, Tien FC, Wu FC, A boundary-based passive component inspection approach using eigenvalue of covariance matrix, Int J Prod Res (Accepted 2003/4/1).
Yeh CH, Tsai DM (2001) A rotation-invariant and non-referential approach for ball grid array (BGA) substrate conducting path inspection, Int J Adv Manuf Technol 17:412–424
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tien, FC., Yeh, CH. Using Eigenvalues of Covariance Matrices for Automated Visual Inspection of Microdrills. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 26, 741–749 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-003-1968-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-003-1968-4