Is there an option for harvesting autologous osteochondral grafts without damaging weight-bearing areas in the knee joint?

Abstract

Within the past few years autologous osteochondral transplantation has become an established standardized procedure in joint surgery. One significant disadvantage of this technique is the harvesting of the osteochondral grafts from the weight-bearing area of the knee joint. The tibiofibular articulation is located close to the knee joint that is operated on. This articulation is covered with cartilage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether this joint is suitable as a donor site for osteochondral grafts. Ten human knee specimens were freed of all soft tissues around the proximal calf. The age of the specimens ranged between 58 and 79 years. Next the tibiofibular articulation was identified, and both the ligaments and the capsule were removed. After opening the joint the tibial- and fibular-sided joint surfaces were inspected and measured. In all specimens the articular surfaces showed good cartilage coverage. In only a single joint did the cartilage macroscopically show degeneration. In all other joints the cartilage surface was in surprisingly good condition, especially considering the age of the specimens. The average diameter of the cartilage surface on the tibial side was 1.7 ± 0.26 × 1.9 ± 0.22 cm and on the fibular side 1.6 ± 0.31 × 1.8 ± 0.32 cm. This results in an area of cartilage for transplantation of 3.23 cm² at the tibia and of 2.88 cm² at the fibula. The total area for cartilage transplantation is 6.11 cm². The tibiofibular joint contains cartilage, which may be a reasonable donor site even for the elderly patient. Harvesting the graft from this area may avoid iatrogenic damaging of intra-articular weight-bearing cartilage of the knee joint.