Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

PROMs in paediatric knee ligament injury: use the Pedi-IKDC and avoid using adult PROMs

  • Knee
  • Published:
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Aims and scope

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this systematic review was to present an evidence-based overview of psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for children with knee ligament injury.

Methods

A systematic search of literature was performed in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. The inclusion criteria were diagnostic studies evaluating psychometric properties (validity, reliability, responsiveness) and comprehensibility of PROMs as well as studies including children (age < 18 years) with knee ligament injury. The systematic review was performed following the PRISMA statement.

Results

Ten studies were included. Eight studies evaluated psychometric properties of PROMs, and two studies analysed comprehensibility of PROMs. The Pedi-IKDC has been evaluated in four studies and has acceptable psychometric properties. The KOOS-Child is evaluated in one study and has acceptable psychometric properties. The use of adult PROMs in children causes problems in comprehensibility.

Conclusion

The Pedi-IKDC is an adequate PROM for children with knee ligament injuries. It is valid, reliable and responsive. The KOOS-Child might be an alternative PROM for the Pedi-IKDC, but has only been evaluated in one study. The clinical relevance of the present systematic review is that adult versions of PROMs are not recommended in children and adolescents.

Level of evidence

III.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ACL:

Anterior cruciate ligament

AUC:

Area under curve

CHQ:

Child Health Questionnaire

CKRS:

Cincinnati Knee Rating System

COSMIN:

Consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments

ICC:

Intra-class correlation

IQR:

Interquartile range

KOOS (-Child):

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (for children)

LCL:

Lateral collateral ligament

LOA:

Limits of agreement

MCL:

Medial collateral ligament

MIC:

Minimal important changes

PCL:

Posterior cruciate ligament

(Pedi-) IKDC:

(Paediatric) International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form

PedsQL:

Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory

PRISMA:

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

PROMs:

Patient-reported outcome measures

RR:

Responsiveness ratio

SANE:

Single assessment numeric evaluation

SD:

Standard deviation

SDC:

Smallest detectable changes

References

  1. Black N (2013) Patient reported outcome measures could help transform healthcare. BMJ 346:f167

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Boykin RE, McFeely ED, Shearer D, Frank JS, Harrod CC, Nasreddine AY, Kocher MS (2013) Correlation between the Child Health Questionnaire and the International Knee Documentation Committee score in pediatric and adolescent patients with an anterior cruciate ligament tear. J Pediatr Orthop 33:216–220

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Chen J, Ou L, Hollis SJ (2013) A systematic review of the impact of routine collection of patient reported outcome measures on patients, providers and health organisations in an oncologic setting. BMC Health Serv Res 13:211

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Collins NJ, Misra D, Felson DT, Crossly KM, Roos EM (2011) Measures of knee function: International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS), Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADL), Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Activity Rating Scale (ARS), and Tegner Activity Score (TAS). Arthritis Care Res 63(S11):S208–S228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Dekker TJ, Rush JK, Schmitz MR (2016) What’s new in pediatric and adolescent anterior cruciate ligament injuries? J Pediatr Orthop. doi:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000792

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Falciglia F, Panni AS, Giordano M, Aulisa AG, Guzzanti V (2016) Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in adolescents (Tanner stages 2 and 3). Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 24(3):807–814

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Irrgang JJ, Anderson AF, Boland AL, Harner CD, Kurosaka M, Neyret P, Richmond JC, Shelborn KD (2001) Development and validation of the international knee documentation committee subjective knee form. Am J Sports Med 29(5):600–613

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Irrgang JJ, Anderson AF, Boland AL, Harner CD, Neyret P, Richmond JC, Shelborn KD (2006) International knee documentation committee. responsiveness of the international knee documentation committee subjective knee form. Am J Sports Med 34(10):1567–1573

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Iversen MD, Lee B, Connell P, Andersen J, Anderson AF, Kocher MS (2010) Validity and comprehensibility of the International knee documentation committee subjective knee evaluation form in children. Scand J Med Sci Sports 20(1):e87–e95

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Jacobsen JS, Knudsen P, Fynbo C, Rolving N, Warmin S (2016) Reproducibility and responsiveness of a Danish Pedi-IKDC subjective knee form for children with knee disorders. Scand J Med Sci Sports 26:1408–1414

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Jeevan R, Cromwell DA, Browne JP, Caddy CM, Pereira J, Sheppard C, Greenaway K, van der Meulen JH (2014) Findings of a national comparative audit of mastectomy and breast reconstruction surgery in England. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 67(10):1333–1344

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kocher MS, Smith JT, Iversen MD, Brustowicz K, Ogunwole O, Andersen J, Yoo WJ, McFeely ED, Anderson AF, Zurakowski D (2011) Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a modified International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (Pedi-IKDC) in children with knee disorders. Am J Sports Med 39(5):933–939

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kraus T, Svehlik M, Singer G, Schalamon J, Zwick E, Linhart W (2012) The epidemiology of knee injuries in children and adolescents. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 132(6):773–779

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Lee BJ, Christino MA, Daniels AH, Hulstyn MJ, Eberson CP (2013) Adolescent patellar osteochondral fracture following patellar dislocation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 21(8):1856–1861

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Marx RG (2003) Knee rating scales. Arthroscopy 19(10):1103–1108

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 6(7):e1000097

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Nasreddine AY, Connell PL, Kalish LA, Nelson S, Iversen MD, Anderson AF, Kocher MS (2016) The Pediatric International Knee Documentation Committee (Pedi-Ikdc) subjective knee evaluation form: normative data. Am J Sports Med 45(3):527–534

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Oak SR, O’Rourke C, Strnad G, Andrish JT, Parker RD, Saluan P, Jones MH, Stegmeier NA, Spindler KP (2015) Statistical comparison of the pediatric versus adult IKDC subjective knee evaluation form in adolescents. Am J Sports Med 43(9):2216–2221

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Örtqvist M, Iversen MD, Janarv PM, Broström EW, Roos EM (2014) Psychometric properties of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Children (KOOS-Child) in children with knee disorders. Br J Sports Med 48(19):1437–1446

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Örtqvist M, Roos EM, Broström EW, Janarv PM, Iversen MD (2012) Development of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for children (KOOS-Child). Acta Orthop 83(6):666–673

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Schmitt LC, Paterno MV, Huang S (2010) Validity and internal consistency of the international knee documentation committee subjective knee evaluation form in children and adolescents. Am J Sports Med 38(12):2443–2447

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Shelbourne KD, Barnes AF, Gray T (2012) Correlation of a single assessment numeric evaluation (SANE) rating with modified Cincinnati knee rating system and IKDC subjective total scores for patients after ACL reconstruction or knee arthroscopy. Am J Sports Med 40(11):2487–2491

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Shirazi CP, Israel HA, Kaar SG (2016) Is the Marx Activity Scale reliable in patients younger than 18 years? Sports Health 8(2):145–148

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Terwee CB, Bot SDM, de Boer MR, van der Windt DAWM, Knol DL, Dekker J, Bouter LM, de Vet HCW (2007) Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol 60(1):34–42

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Terwee CB, Mokkink LB, Knol DL, Ostelo RWJG, Bouter LM, de Vet HCW (2012) Rating the methodological quality in systematic reviews of studies on measurement properties: a scoring system for the COSMIN checklist. Qual Life Res 21(4):651–657

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Werner BC, Yang S, Looney AM, Gwathmey FW Jr (2016) Trends in pediatric and adolescent anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction. J Pediatr Orthop 36(5):447–452

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Wright JG, Feinstein AR (1992) A comparative contrast of clinimetric and psychometric methods for constructing indexes and rating scales. J Clin Epidemiol 45:1201–1218

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author contributions

MD contributed to conception of the work, study selection, data extraction, determination of quality of properties and drafting the article. MR helped in conception of the work, providing search strategy (in collaboration with an independent information specialist of the Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam), determination of methodological quality and critical revision of the article. BG contributed to study selection and data extraction. MS helped in conception of the work, determination of methodological quality and critical revision of the article. RJ involved in conception of the work, drafting the article and critical revision of the article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Máxima Medical Center, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    M. Dietvorst, M. Reijman, B. van Groningen & R. P. A. Janssen

  2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    M. C. van der Steen

Authors
  1. M. Dietvorst
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Reijman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. B. van Groningen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. C. van der Steen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. R. P. A. Janssen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Dietvorst.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Funding

No financial support was received for this study.

Ethical approval

This systematic review was written according to appropiate ethical standards.

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Dietvorst, M., Reijman, M., van Groningen, B. et al. PROMs in paediatric knee ligament injury: use the Pedi-IKDC and avoid using adult PROMs. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 27, 1965–1973 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-017-4687-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-017-4687-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation