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Muscle strength and hop performance criteria prior to return to sports after ACL reconstruction

  • Knee
  • Published:
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Aims and scope

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to present recommendations for new muscle strength and hop performance criteria prior to a return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Methods

A search was made of relevant literature relating to muscle function, self-reported questionnaires on symptoms, function and knee-related quality of life, as well as the rate of re-injury, the rate of return to sports and the development of osteoarthritis after ACL reconstruction. The literature was reviewed and discussed by the European Board of Sports Rehabilitation in order to reach consensus on criteria for muscle strength and hop performance prior to a return to sports.

Results

The majority of athletes that sustain an (ACL) injury do not successfully return to their pre-injury sport, even though most athletes achieve what is considered to be acceptable muscle function. On self-reported questionnaires, the athletes report high ratings for fear of re-injury, low ratings for their knee function during sports and low ratings for their knee-related quality of life.

Conclusion

The conclusion is that the muscle function tests that are commonly used are not demanding enough or not sensitive enough to identify differences between injured and non-injured sides. Recommendations for new criteria are given for the sports medicine community to consider, before allowing an athlete to return to sports after an ACL reconstruction.

Level of evidence

IV.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedics, Lundberg Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45, Göteborg, Sweden

    Roland Thomeé

  2. Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine Institute Lerner Sports Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

    Yonatan Kaplan

  3. Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Society, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

    Joanna Kvist

  4. Oslo Sport Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway

    Grethe Myklebust

  5. Department of Orthopaedic, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Hjelp24NIMI, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

    May Arna Risberg

  6. Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, Public Research Centre for Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg

    Daniel Theisen

  7. Department of Physical Therapy, Technological Educational Institute of Patras (Aigio Branch), Patra, Greece

    Elias Tsepis

  8. Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

    Suzanne Werner

  9. Vienna Sports Medicine Center, Wien, Austria

    Barbara Wondrasch

  10. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physical Therapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Erik Witvrouw

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Correspondence to Roland Thomeé.

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Thomeé, R., Kaplan, Y., Kvist, J. et al. Muscle strength and hop performance criteria prior to return to sports after ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 19, 1798–1805 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-011-1669-8

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